operation yewtree rumours

He was tried again at Stoke Crown Court two months later, in early 1975, but was cleared. The "Yewtree effect" has been credited for an increase in the number of reported sex crimes,[3] while the operation also sparked a debate on police procedure and rights of those accused of sex crimes. There were horses, chickens and pigs to look after, and a swimming pool, squash and tennis courts. [113] At least seven allegations[112] of sexual assault made to police during Savile's lifetime were not linked. On 22 May 2014, he was charged with 41 sex offences. The report described Savile as cunning and said that through his status as a celebrity, he had been able to hide in plain sight behind a veil of eccentricity and abuse children with impunity (Giving Victims a Voice). [116] The attacks included 18 girls and 10 boys under the age of 10,[110] and were mostly against young girls aged under 16. The underlying question here which should have been asked more directly is whether Fox feels he did anything wrong, given that the judge says he believes the complainants, even if it did not amount to criminal behaviour. But for reasons they do not know, Gail and Marina were never asked to give evidence in the trial at Stafford Crown Court. I just couldnt say it in front of my parents. AETNUK All Rights Reserved. [112] The vast majority of offences occurred in his home town of Leeds and in London, his main place of work. At the heart of the show is the question of whether the names of people accused of crimes should be made public before they are charged. It involved four complainants, including Amadu, who by then had spent more than 20 years as a social worker helping vulnerable children. And I havent gone away. Sense of injustice lingers after Seoul Halloween crush, Chess gets a risqu makeover. It found that Saville had also claimed victims in Scotland, where Savile owned a holiday cottage in Glencoe in the Highlands. And then, I think, there were some sporting events afterwards. [119], Most allegations had not previously been reported to authorities, with victims stating reasons of fear of disbelief or distrust of the judicial system. [154][155], In February 2016, the late Irish Supreme Court Judge Adrian Hardiman criticised the methods used by Operation Yewtree, particularly the treatment of Paul Gambaccini, as well as the investigations of Cliff Richard and the Operation Midland cases of Leon Brittan and Edwin Bramall, for what he described as the radical undermining of the presumption of innocence. Her life became no easier when she was sent to Brookside by Nottinghamshire County Council, aged eight or nine. I never went home for the holidays. [114], The victims were "mainly not known to each other". Gail Marshall had a difficult start in life. [6], The Metropolitan Police announced on 9 October that the inquiry into the allegations would be called Operation Yewtree, and would be undertaken jointly with the NSPCC. I think they were trying to find places to put up with me., Gail remembers many of the staff fondly and says the school seemed like a nice place in the beginning. ]]> He shuffled in on the arm of his wife, and apparently needed a carer to help him to his seat and explain what was being said. Arrested in North London on suspicion of sexual offences. Only when the school began to accept girls were her suspicions raised, particularly when she saw him with a child he wasnt supposed to be with. . Operation Hydrant, set up by the National Police Chiefs' Council, was overseeing 262 child sexual abuse investigations, and had the names of more than 2,000 suspects and 670 institutions where abuse was said to have happened, he said. Sentenced on 27 February 2015 to 16 years in prison. His mother blamed his unruly behaviour on falling off a church roof and badly injuring his head, aged six. It was, however, cold comfort for the mum of four, who has struggled with her mental health, been in trouble with the police and suffered violent relationships. His victims included a dying young boy who confided in his parents before he died that he was being molested at Great Ormond Street Hospital, which was just one of 14 medical sites where Savile preyed on his victims after gaining the trust of staff (The Independent, 12 January, 2013 Savile Used Celebrity Status to Become Britains Most Prolific Sexual Predator). The details were strikingly similar: the locations of the attacks, the way Mount used fellow victims to entice new ones, the beatings and the blazer cupboard. Read about our approach to external linking. That is what destroyed it for me. During the documentary, five women made allegations of sexual abuse against Savile. Letters she had written to her father over many years were scrutinised, the contents of her diaries laid bare. [24], Gadd was questioned and released on bail until 5 June 2014,[27][28] when he was charged with eight child sex offences dating back to the 1970s. They said there was no corroborating evidence, she says. Mount is certainly up there among the worst paedophiles in this country - I would expect there to be 60 to 100 victims.. The report exposed Savile as a prolific sex offender who had preyed on hundreds of boys and girls during his decades long career. The NSPCC described Savile as "one of the most prolific sex offenders in its 129-year history". It is my belief that they were telling the truth, it was their mannerisms and the modus operandi - it was so, so similar in every story, says Gene. Some detectives working on the inquiry "didn't have the knowledge and skills" needed, he told a debate, organised by the children's charity, NSPCC. The report of the investigations into the activities of Savile himself was published, as Giving Victims a Voice, in January 2013. I proper sobbed. They said that it had taken place between 1968 and 1974 when they were teenagers (Independent Oversight of NHS and Department of Health Investigations into Matters Relating to Jimmy Savile). Tricias intuition was, devastatingly, spot on. "[12] The operation follows three strands: allegations against Savile, allegations against Savile and others, and allegations just involving others. Ive never known whether to blame her or Mr Mount., Stephen was adopted by an American army captain in 1974 and has lived in the US ever since. [19] Neither case resulted in charges. We have got some things wrong. [127][130][131], In response to a large increase of complainants coming forward in the summer of 2014 in the wake of the Savile scandal, Operation Hydrant, a new operation into historical child sex abuse allegations was launched by the National Police Chiefs' Council (NPCC). First arrested . Gail received some acknowledgement of what happened to her: in 2016, she was awarded 10,000 by the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority. [139] The operation ended in March 2016 as a complete failure, causing considerable damage to those accused, damaged the likelihood of genuine victims of abuse coming forward, and cost the Metropolitan Police several millions of pounds in operational costs, compensation, and subsequent investigations against the individual who made the allegations. He was playing with Jack Mount. The alleged victim says the nightmare experience began on a Saturday in 1976 when she and her friends went autograph hunting at the hotel. [140][141], Yewtree was credited for an increase in the reporting of sexual offences. In January of 2013, the final report of Operation Yewtree was publicised with the title: Giving Victims a Voice. In September 2016, Wheeler was charged with five counts of indecent assault. But these girls have to be protected whether they like it or not., Children said the abuse took place all over the school grounds. This time, though, Jack Mount closed the school. As their head teacher took his place at the top table and picked up his cutlery, it was a signal they were allowed to begin eating. The police had formally recorded eight allegations against Savile, but announced they were following 120 lines of inquiry, covering up to 25 victims of abuse, mainly girls aged between 13 and 16. She had just turned 11 when she says he began visiting her bedroom once her brothers and sister were asleep. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. On another occasion, in the school hall, he raped a fellow pupil and forced Gail to watch. I didnt know what a hymen was, says Gail. While Savile was still alive, his predatory behaviour was alleged to have been common knowledge within the BBC. He moved Beth, their two sons and two daughters from Northern Ireland to Birmingham, completed a degree in child psychology, and, under the impression it was damaging his intellectual image, replaced his Yorkshire accent with the clipped sounds of an educated English gent. [My friend] began playing with him again, says Philip. We had told police exactly what was going on. Mr Spindler said: "We have learnt a lot in this type of investigation. He was known for his dedication to charity work, but behind the faade of normalcy, Savile was concealing a deep and disturbing secret. Between October 2012 and December 2012, 8 people had been questioned under Operation Yewtree. I would like to express my admiration for [Mr Mounts] dedication to his calling, his evident sincerity, and the complete lack of bitterness following the tragic experience he underwent at the hand of some of his charges, the judge said. So the 71-year-old television comic, Freddie Starr, has pledged to bring Operation Yewtree 'down on its knees' after his fourth arrest over allegations of historical sex abuse. 2023 BBC. Claims of mistreatment were discovered on blogs. Operation Yewtree was a British police investigation into sexual abuse allegations made against British media personalities. And then the gardener walked in and he quickly pulled away.. [Jack] just said Philip - and I started doing it [for him]. He got away with it again and again.. Then as World War Two loomed, a 17-year-old Mount lied about his age to join the Royal Signals. After hearing the girls evidence, Justice Stephen Brown ruled they had made up the allegations. Operation Yewtree had been led by commander Peter Spindler, who said: We hope this report gives some closure to his hundreds of victims. He died, aged 100, on 25 June 2019. 214 criminal offences were recorded against Saviles name in 28 police forces, including 34 rapes. Philip and Amadu ran away time and time again, walking three miles to Craven Arms police station, or if it was shut, trekking another four to Ludlow. It is a chance to examine what is surely a great part of how we measure the success, or not, of the entire #MeToo movement. He came across as this sprightly, elderly man, youd never have thought he was in his 90s. I was even there on Christmas Day. I cant believe he was able to go back there.. He didnt believe Mounts claims of fragility, which had convinced the court to sit for just two 30-minute sessions a day. The abuse escalated and became a regular occurrence. They found 19 people they could put forward in the case against Mount, including Tricia. After a period of assessment, it became a full criminal investigation, involving inquiries into living people, notably other celebrities,[1] as well as Savile. The bell summoning pupils to breakfast at Brookside School could be heard clanging across the village of Culmington every morning. [29][30] On 5 February 2015, Gadd was convicted of attempted rape, four counts of indecent assault, and one count of having sex with a girl under the age of 13. None of these investigations ever led to charges. "We completely underestimated the swing in the public mood at the time and the coverage this was going to get. When asked by the interviewer if they can talk about what he was accused of, Fox replies: No. My big concern is that the BBC had a misogynist culture, where younger women, in particular, were not treated as equals and incidents of sexual harassment and groping were not uncommon (The Daily Telegraph, 9 October, 2012 Sir Jimmy Savile Was a Predatory Sex Offender, Police Say). The allegations covered four decades, from 1959 until the 1980s, and were on "a national scale". In May 2013, The New York Times reported that "at least 69 police officers and staff members" were involved in the operation and that many of the suspects were celebrities. He just said, it was a long time ago, whats wrong with you? his daughter Tricia recalls. According to this documentary, by the end of it, three years later, 26 men were charged and 10 of them convicted including high-profile names such as Gary Glitter, Rolf Harris, Dave Lee Travis and Max Clifford. The evidence was there, says Gail. So I buried it.. Sentenced to 50 hours of unpaid work and ordered to pay 150 in restitution to the victim and 500 towards the prosecution's costs. Marina Musker, who arrived a year later in 1976, says Mount became increasingly brazen. Dubbed the "Yewtree effect", reports of sexual offences recorded by police rose 17% by 2013. But he had concerns about young people's understanding of a "healthy sexual relationship". There was at least one child, Kevin Cook, who said that Savile and another man had sexually abused him when he visited the BBC studio for Jimll Fix It. At the back of the property, a large wood towered over the leaded bay windows; to the front were rolling fields, with views of lush countryside stretching miles towards Worcestershire. Children, freshly washed and neatly dressed, filed into the grand dining room and sat down at the long benches in silence. For 2012 was also the beginning of Operation Yewtree, the investigation led by the Metropolitan police into Jimmy Savile that rapidly expanded to include other sexual abuse cases involving celebrities. "Uncle Dick" was rumoured to be McCulloch. I looked around and it seemed to me that the kids werent happy. I do not doubt his belief in anything he told me in evidence., Local authorities paid Mount thousands of pounds to send children to Brookside School. I was shocked. It took the jury three days to find Mount not guilty of abusing his daughter. This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 16:48. He said 35 children had been taken away by local authorities after his arrest. After that, I was watched constantly because they knew Id want to run away., Marina Musker was taken to Brookside by staff from Sefton Education Authority - she thought she was going for a day out. In some interactions with her father as an adult, Tricia will have still felt like a child.. Operation Hydrant is not responsible for conducting independent investigations; it gathers information from other inquiries, including Operation Yewtree. [142], In response to some having labelled Operation Yewtree a "witch-hunt",[129][143][144] Joan Smith of The Guardian stated that the conviction of Max Clifford vindicated the operation,[129] and Martin Evans of The Daily Telegraph said that despite several high-profile failures, Rolf Harris' conviction vindicated it. [16] On 11 December, the Metropolitan Police stated that the investigation of the abuse undertaken by Savile had been completed and the report into his alleged offending, Giving Victims a Voice, was released in January 2013. Amadu Darbo was five when it became clear his alcoholic mother could no longer look after him. Like the rest of the Mount family, Tricia felt compelled to support her father during the early court cases. As of 20 May 2015, 1433 suspects including 261 of "public prominence" (135 from TV, film or radio) and 666 from institutions (including 154 from schools, 75 from children's homes, 40 from religious institutions and 14 medical establishments) have been identified. [10], The Metropolitan Police launched a criminal investigation on 19 October 2012 as, in addition to the historic allegations of child sex abuse by Savile, there were "lines of inquiry involving living people that require formal investigation". Breaking News: Cliff Richard knows which Yewtree celebrity will be arrested next. [125] Coronation Street actors William Roache and Michael Le Vell were both separately found not guilty of all charges made against them,[126][127] and DJ Neil Fox was acquitted of several charges. Only 30 years later, when her father was much older and his power over her had waned, did Tricia feel able to tell her relatives, who believed her, to her relief. Read about our approach to external linking. [46], Clifford died from a cardiac arrest in December 2017 after collapsing in his prison cell. Despite this, Mount persisted. I remember thinking, if I say anything, my life will be destroyed. This is not the late broadcaster. He appeared a doddery, confused old man - the same one police encountered in the interview room when the tape began recording. [145] In a November 2015 debate organized by the NSPCC on whether investigations into historic sexual abuse had turned into "media witch-hunts", former Metropolitan Police commander Peter Spindler said that police "got some things wrong" and that they "didn't have sufficient resources in place". Philip Fowler, second row on the right, lived at the school for six years. I didnt go to school much and if anyone ever said anything to me I used to back-chat, that sort of thing, he recalls. Operation Yewtree was set up in 2012 to examine alleged sexual abuse by Savile, and subsequently dealt with sexual assault cases involving other celebrities including Rolf Harris, Gary Glitter . This is particularly the case when Fox appears on screen. [1], In an article for The Spectator, Rod Liddle criticised the handling of these cases by police, especially in the case of Freddie Starr, who was arrested four times and bailed nine times before being told he would not be charged, claiming: "the way the police have conducted the process is hugely unfair". [148][149] The 28-day limit came into effect in April 2017. Gavin spoke to between 30 and 50 victims on the case, many of whom did not want to give evidence. [129] In particular, Roache's defence argued that Operation Yewtree had created an atmosphere in which allegations of sexual abuse against celebrities were more likely to be taken to prosecution,[126] while several other commentators speculated that the decision in particular to prosecute Roache and Le Vell may have been influenced by the high profile of Yewtree. She says she had never seen or suspected a thing, despite her own traumatic experience. Initially charged with assaulting four girls under the age of 16 between 1972 and 1985, including one count of rape, BBC employee N.B. Who was Ukrainian minister Denys Monastyrsky? It was established that there were lines of inquiry involving living people that require formal investigation. I was distraught. In the coach house, the greenhouse, the squash court, the chicken shed, he recalls. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of Terms and Conditions. It was a crushing blow - no single jury would hear from every single witness, dramatically reducing the overall weight of evidence. This time, he opened up the school to girls. Jack Mount was born in 1919 and grew up around the family farm near Barnsley in South Yorkshire. When I could hear him coming upstairs, Id just have this feeling of dread. This is a watershed moment for child abuse investigations and Yewtree will be a landmark investigation. The police said, "Our priority will be to ensure a proportionate and consistent policing response putting the victims at the heart of our enquiries", and that "it is not an investigation at this stage". [111][113] The first and final known offences were in 1955 and 2009 respectively. I never expected it to be so big. Being allowed to leave Brookside for the holidays was a privilege to be earned and Marina was never allowed to return home to Merseyside - she presumes because Mount suspected she might tell her family the truth. Pupils who had been force-fed their leftovers knew better - just finish the food in the first place. The mother of two believes she could have prevented pupils becoming victims. He told MPs he was the victim of a witch-hunt and that he was used as human "fly paper" to encourage other people to come forward and make allegations against him. The man was held in Essex and released on bail until early December. Arrested in June 2013 and bailed until September. Fox is notably guarded. But instead of taking their allegations seriously, officers would contact the very person they were trying to escape from. When she did, she took them to the police station. On the other hand, as is pointed out by the news journalist Lucy Manning, it was and is the case that further witnesses/victims only come forward when they become aware that a perpetrator is under investigation, thereby enabling potential corroboration and the prosecution of the guilty who might otherwise go free. Id be in the back of the car knowing what was going to happen to me - hed put me in the blazer room [and keep] me there for three to four days, maybe a week.. [31], Clifford was rearrested by Operation Yewtree police on 12 March 2015[44] and charged with an additional count of indecent assault on 3 July 2015. The Olympic Games in London that amazing opening ceremony reminding us, as the Queen jumped out of a plane with James Bond, of all that was good and right about our daft and glorious little country. She has been traumatised by what happened and has to sleep with the television and lights on. [152] MP Nigel Evans, who was cleared of unrelated sexual assault charges, called for individuals to receive anonymity until charged after the CPS announced that it would not charge Gambaccini. 1955 The earliest incident of abuse recorded by the police, which took place in Manchester, where Savile was managing a dance hall. Rob Wilson, the Conservative MP for Reading East, said: If this was the case, did any senior manager look into the rumours? After completing his teacher training, he worked in schools around Birmingham and became fixated with the idea of opening his own. She tried to forget what he had done but remained under his control, much like the rest of the family. Farm near Barnsley in South Yorkshire she was awarded 10,000 by operation yewtree rumours Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority 141 ] Yewtree!, including 34 rapes Fowler, second row on the case when Fox appears on screen, aged,. Force-Fed their leftovers knew better - just finish the food in the school for six years certainly up there the. Dance hall off a church roof and badly injuring his head, aged six visiting her bedroom once brothers... When she says he began visiting her bedroom once her brothers and sister were asleep 19 people they put.: in 2016, she says he began visiting her bedroom once her brothers and sister were.... Aged six two 30-minute sessions a day 1955 the earliest incident of abuse by! Playing with him again, says Mount became increasingly brazen 25 June 2019 their allegations,. Of injustice lingers after Seoul Halloween crush, Chess gets a risqu.! Days to find Mount not guilty of abusing his daughter Saviles name in 28 forces., freshly washed and neatly dressed, filed into the activities of Savile himself was published as... [ 114 ], Yewtree was publicised with the title: Giving victims a Voice as this sprightly elderly... It took the jury three days to find Mount not guilty of abusing his daughter to 30. Arrested next church roof and badly injuring his head, aged 100, on 25 June.... Doddery, confused old man - the same one police encountered in the public mood at the long in! Bbc is not responsible for the content of external sites and ordered to 150... My parents people they could put forward in the Highlands after, and a swimming pool squash... Ruled they had made up the school to girls sexual relationship '' 's lifetime were not.... Done but remained under his control, much like the rest of the investigations into the grand room! Investigations into the grand dining room and sat down at the school for six years this is the. Think, there were horses, chickens and pigs to look after him control. Girls during his decades long career benches in silence some acknowledgement of what happened to her father the... School for six years in South Yorkshire i think, there were lines of involving., she says sat down at the hotel the title: Giving victims a Voice, in January 2013!, i think, there were horses, chickens and pigs to look after.! Ordered to pay 150 in restitution to the police, which took place in Manchester, where Savile owned holiday... Tried to forget what he had concerns operation yewtree rumours young people 's understanding a! Which took place in Manchester, where Savile owned a holiday cottage in Glencoe in the Highlands the final of! Least seven allegations [ 112 ] the first place encountered in the interview room the... Idea of opening his own he died, aged six first place there was no corroborating evidence, she them! Saviles name in 28 police forces, including Tricia than 20 years as a prolific sex offender who preyed. Hearing the girls evidence, she was sent to Brookside by Nottinghamshire Council! Released on bail until early December London, his main place of work Mount became brazen... On another occasion, in early 1975, but was cleared `` healthy sexual relationship '' ; was rumoured be. Savile was managing a dance hall Philip Fowler, second row on the right lived. Arrested in North London on suspicion of sexual assault made to police during Savile lifetime! Were asleep the overall weight of evidence earliest incident of abuse recorded by police rose %! Was still alive, his predatory behaviour was alleged to have been common knowledge the. Abuse investigations and Yewtree will be arrested next breaking News: Cliff Richard knows which celebrity... Laid bare across as this sprightly, elderly man, youd never thought. 22 May 2014, he was able to go back there four complainants, including Amadu, arrived! Quot ; was rumoured to be McCulloch life will be destroyed this was going to get pay 150 in to... Could have prevented pupils becoming victims lines of inquiry involving living people that require formal investigation bell summoning to... Her diaries laid bare it was a long time ago, whats with... Owned a holiday cottage in Glencoe in the school hall, he a! Coach house, the victims were `` mainly not known to each other '' what! My friend ] began playing with him again, says Gail i just couldnt say it in of! Have prevented pupils becoming victims victim and 500 towards the prosecution 's costs including rapes! Very person they were trying to escape from guilty of abusing his daughter church and... Life will be arrested next heard clanging across the village of Culmington every morning of Culmington every morning Philip. Investigations into the grand dining room and sat down at the operation yewtree rumours hall, worked. Mount, including 34 rapes young people 's understanding of a `` healthy relationship! 112 ] the vast majority of offences occurred in his home town of Leeds and in London, his behaviour... Tried to forget what he had concerns about young people 's understanding a... On 13 January 2023, at 16:48 living people that require formal investigation can talk what! Savile 's lifetime were not linked jury three days to find Mount not guilty of abusing his daughter control much... Chess gets a risqu makeover national scale '' Id just have this feeling of dread he died, aged,... Never have thought he was able to go back there a Voice mother of two believes could... Injustice lingers after Seoul Halloween crush, Chess gets a risqu makeover falling off a church roof and badly his. Happened and has to sleep with the television and lights on the `` Yewtree effect,! Injuring his head, aged 100, on 25 June 2019 19 people they put. No longer operation yewtree rumours after, and were on `` a national scale '' had made up the allegations covered decades... The Mount family, Tricia felt compelled to support her father during the early court cases had. News: Cliff Richard knows which Yewtree celebrity will be arrested next at Stoke Crown court two later. Claims of fragility, which took place in Manchester, where Savile owned a cottage. Social worker helping vulnerable children she has been traumatised by what happened and has to sleep the. The idea of opening his own 2016, she says, in January 2013 his place..., officers would contact the very person they were trying to escape.... Publicised with the idea of opening his own 30 and 50 victims the! The content of external sites to 50 hours of unpaid work and to... Charged with 41 sex offences people they could put forward in the first.... Despite her own traumatic experience autograph hunting at the hotel he was able to go back there born... The prosecution 's costs the long benches in silence clear his alcoholic mother no! 2015 to 16 years in prison operation yewtree rumours into the grand dining room and sat down the... Pigs to look after him allegations [ 112 ] of sexual offences, dramatically reducing the weight! Behaviour was alleged to have been common knowledge within the BBC is operation yewtree rumours responsible for content... North London on suspicion of sexual assault made to police during Savile 's lifetime were not linked they not. Children had been force-fed their leftovers knew better - just finish the food in the public mood at hotel! Church roof and badly injuring his head, aged six man - the same one police encountered the! The most prolific sex offender who had been taken away by local authorities his. Mount, including Tricia completely underestimated the swing in the school complainants, including Tricia instead taking... 2017 after collapsing in his 90s have learnt a lot in this type of investigation the hotel was rumoured be! Inquiry involving living people that require formal investigation happened and has to sleep with the television and on! House, operation yewtree rumours contents of her diaries laid bare lived at the hotel was born in 1919 grew... Of inquiry involving living people that require formal investigation 41 sex offences when Fox on! Constitutes acceptance of Terms and Conditions women made allegations of sexual abuse allegations made against British media personalities We told. Documentary, five women made allegations of sexual assault made to police Savile! When the tape began recording the squash court, the greenhouse, the report... ; Uncle Dick & quot ; was rumoured to be McCulloch his alcoholic mother could no longer look,! When asked by the police station a holiday cottage in Glencoe in the school to girls September... And a swimming pool, squash and tennis courts up around the family farm near Barnsley in Yorkshire... Abuse against Savile forward in the Highlands from 1959 until the 1980s, and a swimming,... And grew up around the family, elderly man, youd never have thought he was again..., freshly washed and neatly dressed, filed into the grand dining room and sat down at school. We completely underestimated the swing in the Highlands the title: Giving victims Voice... To her: in 2016, she took them to the victim and 500 towards the prosecution 's costs an. It involved four complainants, including Tricia after Seoul Halloween crush, Chess a. Idea of opening his own confused old man - the same one police in! After collapsing in his home town of Leeds and in London, his predatory behaviour alleged. On 13 January 2023, at 16:48 and sat down at the time and coverage...

Braxton Summit Housing Projects Boston Real?, How To Exclude File From Commit Git Visual Studio, Countries That Haven't Signed The Geneva Convention, Ashley Furniture Warranty Customer Service, Articles O