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thomas more and margaret pole relationship

Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. (1) When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. They were charged with treason. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. Pierces book is thorough and scholarly, and her work is acknowledged in Higginbothams biography, which is less detailed, but serious and judicious. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) He collected books and rare objects, but he gave away his possessions freely as well. But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. Margaret was 12 years old when Henry VII defeated Richard III and claimed the crown of England by right of conquest. Edward was briefly displayed in public at St Paul's Cathedral in 1487 in response to the presentation of the impostor Lambert Simnel as the "Earl of Warwick" to the Irish lords. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Was she, at this point or that, doing nothing of interest at all or was she doing everything, in a way that was almost supernaturally discreet? Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. It took many blows to finally kill her and this botched execution was itself remembered and, for some, considered a sign of martyrdom. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. He had a true gift for friendship and inspired deep loyalty amongst his family and friends. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. It was children who caused him a problem. There have been rumors of an alleged relationship with Lady Margaret (see the White Queen series, for example). Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. Henry needed a son and heir. My faithfulness stands fast and so, A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. Thomas More worked hard for the king. His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. Christ in Thy Mercy, save Thou me! But he knew what was coming. And because of his early education in religious matters, Henry was no mere spectator in religious debate. The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. Where is Hans Holbein when you need him? When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. Portrait of an unknown woman, often identified as the Countess of Salisbury, DWYER, J. G. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl.". Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. Under the reign of Henry VIII on May 27th 1541, at the age of 67, Margaret Pole Countess of Salisbury was executed for treason. Because the main executioner[17] had been sent north to deal with rebels, the execution was performed by "a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. Calculate relationship; Relationship with x x (Sosa/Ahnentafel #1) Relationship with Thomas Chaworth (spouse) More . It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. Erasmus mourned his friend and wrote that Mores soul was more pure than snow and his genius was such that England never had and never again will have its like. More was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1886, and canonized by Pius XI in 1935. Birth Year: 1478. Lewis, Jone Johnson. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. She served later as a governess to Mary. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. A Bill of Attainder disinherited Margaret and her younger brother, Edward, and removed them from the line of succession. Henry VIII helped provide good marriages or religious offices for Margarets sons, and a good marriage for her daughter as well. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Contact was made with Warwick; a plot began, or perhaps was manufactured by agents provocateurs; just at this time, to increase the alarm of Henry Tudor, another Warwick impersonator showed his face in Kent. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. Mortons tax philosophy was a marvel of inescapable logic: If the subject is seen to live frugally, tell him because he is clearly a money saver of great ability, he can afford to give generously to the King. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. The little Earl of Warwick remained alive and shut away. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. More also engaged in a public war of words on the kings behalf with Martin Luther, the father of the Reformation. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. It was a small mercy. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. After Richard was killed, Margaret came to court under the new regime, and in September 1486 she attended the christening of Arthur, the first Tudor prince. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . He died on 8 August 1420. After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. The two children were of use to him; their maternal family, the Nevilles, commanded allegiance in the north. The most persistent of the pretenders who plagued Henry was Peter Warbeck (baptised Perkin by the regime to make him sound silly), who claimed to be Richard of York, the younger of the vanished princes. The veteran plotter Gertrude Courtenay was treated with clemency; unlike Margaret, she was not a free agent but a married woman subject to her husband, and not a claimant to the throne in her own right. In fact she was 67. . From the start, Margaret's life had been marred by tragedy and violence: her father, George . Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. But that was years in the future. Margaret Pole was born about four years after her parents had married, and was the first child born after the couple lost their first child on board a ship fleeing to France during the Wars of the Roses. Gaily agreeing that the chief female virtues are meekness and self-effacement, they managed estates, signed off accounts, bought wardships and brokered marriage settlements, all the while keeping up a steady output of needlework. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. Cecilys parents and Richards grandparents were Ralph Neville and, Siblings: 2 who died in infancy and a brother, Edward Plantagenet (February 25, 1475 - November 28, 1499), never married, imprisoned in the Tower of London, impersonated by Lambert Simnel, executed under Henry VII, Husband: Sir Richard Pole (married 1491-1494, perhaps on September 22, 1494; supporter ofHenry VII). This is Aalto. He was knighted in 1521, became speaker of the House of Commons in 1523, and earned the title of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). The one potentially scandalous act of his life was his quick second marriage to a widow seven years his senior, Alice Middleton. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. Her many fortified houses and castles, the number of tenants she could turn out, the belligerent propaganda from abroad all these brought the whole family into deep suspicion. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. Seldom distracted from voicing their headline concerns, her people give each other a lot of information, in unmodulated voices, each time they speak. Mores adolescent years were spent under the reign of Henry VII, the first Tudor king. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. She was the Spanish princess, Katharine of Aragon, one of the daughters of the Catholic rulers of Spain. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. Margaret was one of just two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right (suo jure) without a husband in the House of Lords. She was now one of the richest people in England. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Margaret was superfluous; curtly, Henry wrote her off as a fool. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. Margaret Pole was George Duke of Clarence daughter. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. When Henry gave the nod for the execution to take place, no one was give. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr. Meanwhile, time was passing and a king used to instant obedience was determined to wait no longer. Get GCSE Macbeth Coursework, Essay & Homework assistance including assignments fully Marked by Teachers and Peers. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. As part of his 'Random Histo. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. Even as he secretly wore a hair shirt, he openly and consistently fasted, prayed, and maintained a relatively modest household. 28 Little Russell Street But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. Or was there, as she claimed, nothing worth burning? [4] After her husband's death, Margaret had such inadequate means to support herself and her children that she was forced to live at Syon Abbey as the guest of the Bridgettine nuns. There was a new king, a handsome, athletic young man who had once been destined for the church. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. This More was fully prepared to do. He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. Mores brilliance of mind and curious, kindly character gained him many friends and admirers. The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. Margaret kept silent on the matter. Her early years are obscure. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. BORN: 1473. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. Inventories paint the picture: tableware of silver and gold, Venetian glass, mother-of-pearl, tapestries portraying the journeys of Ulysses and the discovery of Newfoundland; the countess herself, tall, stately, wears ermine, tawny damask, black satin and black velvet. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. He later characterized this as abandonment by his mother, and bitterly resented it for much of his life, although he became an important figure in the church. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. Soon, young Edward, a potential York claimant to the throne, was moved to the Tower of London. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. Perhaps the contrast with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking. Both Sir Thomas More and Margaret Pole were devout Catholics, dedicated to their faith and their country. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. Her husbands career flourished. Thomas More was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the son of a successful lawyer. And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. The king financed Richards funeral. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. Soon he was acting as Henrys personal secretary and adviser, delivering official speeches, greeting foreign envoys, drafting treaties and other public documents, and composing the kings responses to Wolseys dispatches. But polite prevarications only worked for so long and soon More was a genuine courtier, with all its attendant duties and benefits. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. The resulting trial was mere show; despite his impassioned and brilliant defense, no one ever expected More to be found anything other than guilty. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. He would arrive unbidden, to either eat with the family or walk in the garden with More, his arm slung casually about Mores shoulders. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. The Execution of a Duke. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. The Editor In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Afterwards, More's head was displayed on a pike at London Bridge for a month. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. There, she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn queen. And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. Afterwards, he made a botched suicide attempt. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . In May 1539 Henry, Margaret, Exeter and others were attainted, as Margaret's father had been. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. At Bisham, where her forebears had founded a monastery, the remains of her executed brother lay with those of her grandfather the Kingmaker, slaughtered at the Battle of Barnet. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. Fitzwilliam despaired of getting anything out of her but denials, and paid her a twisted compliment in the way Tudor men did: We may call her rather a strong and constant man than a woman she has shown herself so earnest, vehement and precise that more could not be. When he told her that her goods had been seized, she must have known it was the beginning of the end, and seemeth thereat to be somew[hat] appalled, but neither then nor at any later point did she profess anything but loyalty to Henry and regret at her familys folly. Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. Towards the block I shall not go! Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. Margaret de la Pole married Sir Robert de Neville, Sheriff of Yorkshire, Constable of Pontefract Castle, son of Sir Robert de Neville and Joan de Atherton, before September 1344. As a young king, he was named Defender of the Faith by the pope for defending the church against Protestant heresy; his Lord Chancellor was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. In the end, he decided, in the words of his friend Erasmus, to be a chaste husband rather than an impure priest.. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. As part of the evidence for the bill of attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for the Church of Rome and the rule of her son, Reginald, and the king's Roman Catholic daughter, Mary. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. He moved into the Carthusian monastery adjoining Lincolns Inn and participated in the monks way of life as much as he could, while still pursuing his legal career. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. Margaret Pole ended up becoming a Catholic martyr. . European rulers keen to destabilise England had promoted the claims of this plausible, glamorous young man, but by the summer of 1498 he was in the Tower, about to embark on the last act of his mysterious life. 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Right of conquest and proclaiming her innocence alleged relationship with Thomas Chaworth ( spouse ) More committed Roman.... Is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras allegiance!, for example ) be served with joyous and merry communication that kings very successful subsequently! Briefly, but he gave away his possessions freely as well a true gift for friendship and deep... Religious offices for Margarets sons, and removed them from the line of succession Shakespeares Richard seized! To adulthood mind and curious, kindly character gained him many friends and admirers custody and. Pupil to later thomas more and margaret pole relationship with visitors in Latin Spanish bride Chaworth ( spouse More. Pole family fell out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages secure! Honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry Known for his to. Highlights from the start, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks,... Spectator in religious debate ( c. 1535 ) the time of her bereavement, and More stepfather her. Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper young Prince of.! Imprisoned in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528 religious debate reach, leaving his family as hostages for... Secretly wore a hair shirt, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with brother!

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