is arsenic paramagnetic

The krypton 1s orbital is smaller than the helium 1s orbital because krypton's nuclear charge draws the electrons closer. Such systems contain ferromagnetically coupled clusters that freeze out at lower temperatures. Which of the following forms that most stable anion in the gas phase? The sign of depends on whether ferro- or antiferromagnetic interactions dominate and it is seldom exactly zero, except in the dilute, isolated cases mentioned above. They do not follow a Curie type law as function of temperature however; often they are more or less temperature independent. Which of the following orbital diagrams represents a diamagnetic atom? It is paramagnetic because it has unpaired electrons. a. Such substances show weak attraction towards the external magnetic field by a behavior called paramagnetism. C. Te Arsenic is a p-block element because it has an incompletely filled p-orbital in its electron configuration (4p3). D. Br Stronger magnetic effects are typically only observed when d or f electrons are involved. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. This strong attraction is explained by the presence of domains. Pauli paramagnetism is named after the physicist Wolfgang Pauli. / Diamagnetic substances are weakly repelled by the external magnetic fields as they create an induced magnetic field due to the electronic spin in the opposite direction. Electronic shells are the different energy states at which the electrons are revolving, or it is defined by the outside part of the nucleus of an atom. a. Which of the following have one or more filled d subtle in their ground state electron configuration? Osmium. Paramagnetic substances are attracted (weakly) towards the external magnetic field. It shows you how to identify if an element is paramagnetic or diamagnetic by writing the ground. Naming Alkenes with Examples, Freundlich vs. Langmuir Adsorption Isotherms, Le-Chatelier Principle: Examples and Applications, Constitutional Isomers: Types and Examples, Paramagnetic Substances and Paramagnetism, Braggs Law [n = 2d sin]: A Relationship Between (d & ), Memorizing the Periodic Table: 3 Easy & Proven Ways, Neutralization Reactions: The Acid Base Balancing, Methane vs. Natural Gas: Understanding the Basics, These substances are weakly attracted by the external magnetic field, There is a slight repulsion by the external magnetic field for such substances, Paramagnetic substances becomes diamagnetic under high temperature, The temperature has no effect on diamagnetic substances, Paramagnetic substances have relative permeability > 1, Diamagnetic substances have relative permeability < 1, Their magnetic susceptibility is positive, Their magnetic susceptibility is negative, Examples of paramagnetic substances are lithium atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen molecule, etc, Examples of diamagnetic substances are gold, copper, nitrogen gas, water, etc. = The permanent moment generally is due to the spin of unpaired electrons in atomic or molecular electron orbitals (see Magnetic moment). D. Ga Some examples of diamagnetic substances are: The diamagnetic behavior of the zinc atom depicts how the canceled spins of electrons leave the material undetected by the magnetic fields. Which atom has the ground state electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3? Diamagnetic. E. Te, An atom of which of the following elements has the largest ionization energy? D. S E. As. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromagnetism, www.periodictable.com/Properties/A/MagneticType.html. The building-up principle states that electrons are added to atoms in order of increasing principal quantum number, Which principle or rule is violated by the following orbital diagram of an atom in its ground state? not exited .. {\displaystyle \mathbf {H} } 13. Question: Is calcium oxidean ionic or covalent bond ? Diamagnetic. However, in some cases a band structure can result in which there are two delocalized sub-bands with states of opposite spins that have different energies. A. Rb a. Cu b. Zn c. Ge d. Ag e. Cd. In a ferromagnetic element, electrons of atoms are grouped into domains in which each domain has the same charge. An electron has an electron magnetic dipole moment, generated by the electron's intrinsic spin property, making it an electric charge in motion. An atom of which of the following elements has the most negative electron affinity? 7: Thinking & Intelligence, Edward Neth, Klaus Theopold, Paul Flowers, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson, Bruce Edward Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy, H. Eugene Lemay, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, Patrick Woodward, Theodore E. Brown, Klaus Theopold, Paul Flowers, Richard Langley, William R. Robinson. The following video shows liquid oxygen attracted into a magnetic field created by a strong magnet: As shown in the video, molecular oxygen (\(\ce{O2}\)) is paramagnetic and is attracted to the magnet. D. Rb Which ground-state electron configuration is incorrect? Question = Is if4+polar or nonpolar ? Therefore Cr is, paramagnetic with four unpaired electrons. Which of the following atoms is diamagnetic in its ground state? 1 Wiki User 2012-09-25 16:23:21 This answer is: Study guides Chemistry 16 cards What happens in a. Q: Is arsenic diamagnetic or paramagnetic Write your answer. According to the building-up principle or aufbau principle, which subshell is typically filled next after the 3d subshell? Which of the following properties, in general, increases from left to right across a period in the periodic table? {\displaystyle \hbar } A. Cl C. P The change in energy for which of the following processes corresponds to the second ionization energy of barium? decrease from left to right in a period and increase down a group. m Let us explain the chemical properties of arsenic in brief. Which of the following elements is found in the d-block of the periodic table? It has been given the temporary name "ununtrium" and a temporary symbol "Uut". The element to which this atom belongs is a, The ground-state valence-shell configuration of a particular atom is 5f6d7s. A. Na The distances to other oxygen atoms in the lattice remain too large to lead to delocalization and the magnetic moments remain unpaired. Polar "In chemistry, polarity i Is Arsenic ( As ) a Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic ? Let us discuss the position of arsenic in the periodic table as well as melting point, boiling point, allotropes, isotopes, radius, and ionization energies in detail. They are also called mictomagnets. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? 1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d6s. The elements that are filling the 5f subshell are called? An atom of which of the following elements is not diamagnetic in the ground state? 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 2 and 3. D. P [1] Paramagnetic materials include most chemical elements and some compounds;[2] they have a relative magnetic permeability slightly greater than 1 (i.e., a small positive magnetic susceptibility) and hence are attracted to magnetic fields. Which of the following electron configurations is impossible, according to the Pauli exclusion principle? would be paramagnetic since the 4 p orbitals each contain one M Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? B The electron configuration of a transition metal (d-block) changes in a coordination compound; this is due to the repulsive forces between electrons in the ligands and electrons in the compound. SELENIDE Is sodium diamagnetic or. Examples of paramagnets include the coordination complex myoglobin, transition metal complexes, iron oxide (FeO), and oxygen (O 2 ). Molecular structure can also lead to localization of electrons. 3d 4s. Arsenic has an atomic weight of 74.92 amu (atomic mass unit). On the other hand, substances having all electrons paired, are termed diamagnetic. Paramagnetism is the result of an unpaired electron having a magnetic dipole moment. The ground-state electron configuration of a Cr ion is 1s2s2p3s3p3d. has the maximum number of unpaired electrons, all with the same spin. In conductive materials, the electrons are delocalized, that is, they travel through the solid more or less as free electrons. M Therefore, these substances are weakly attracted when placed in a magnetic region. Due to the unpaired electron at the end Answer: B2 2-is a Diamagnetic What is Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic ? What is the valence-shell electron configuration for the fourth-period element in group VA? If there is sufficient energy exchange between neighbouring dipoles, they will interact, and may spontaneously align or anti-align and form magnetic domains, resulting in ferromagnetism (permanent magnets) or antiferromagnetism, respectively. Electrons fill the orbitals according to Hunds rule which states that: Electrons prefer to be unpaired and are only paired when all the orbitals of the subshell are half-filled (with parallel spin). Ignore the core electrons and focus on the valence electrons only. Paramagnetism is often associated with presence of unpaired electrons in atomic orbitals of atoms of the element.But magnesium has no unpaired electrons in it's atomic orbitals but still is paramagnetic.Why?Please explain. E. P, An atom of which of the following elements has the largest second ionization energy? 8. Let us check it. (wrong) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p25s1. How many valence electrons does an arsenic atom have? What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Manage Settings Exercise 7.3. {\displaystyle \mu _{M_{J}}} just take the last {\displaystyle n_{\downarrow }} Up to date, curated data provided by Mathematica 's ElementData function from Wolfram Research, Inc. Click here to buy a book, photographic periodic table poster, card deck, or 3D print based on the images you see here! is the z-component of the magnetic moment for each Zeeman level, so However, the true origins of the alignment can only be understood via the quantum-mechanical properties of spin and angular momentum. arsenic its paramagnetic property. A. Cl All the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight. C. Na Arsenic and antimony are metalloids. Another example of paramagnetic substances is O2 gas in its molecular form because it has two unpaired electrons in its molecular orbitals as shown in the energy level diagram below. 35: Paramagnetism and Magnetic Resonance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paramagnetism&oldid=1121118285, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Arsenic can be chemically classified as a nitrogen group element or pnictogen element. {\displaystyle T_{\rm {F}}} Titanium ion has unpaired electrons in orbital which makes it paramagnetic. Which of the following sets of 4 quantum numbers correctly describes an electron occupying a d orbital of an element in the 3rd row of the transition metals? D. Si Which of the following orbital diagrams violates the Pauli exclusion principle? Let us find out the melting point of arsenic. **2s orbital is empty. Some materials show induced magnetic behavior that follows a Curie type law but with exceptionally large values for the Curie constants. Rank the following atoms in order of the largest to smallest atomic radius: Al, P, Cl, K. Below are data on the first four ionization energies for the fictitious element X The chemical elements belonging to the same group (vertical column) have similar type of physical and chemical properties. For temperatures over a few K, It may represent an excited-state electron configuration of a Mg atom. In that case the Curie-point is seen as a phase transition between a ferromagnet and a 'paramagnet'. The angular momentum quantum number of the two highest-energy valence electrons in an atom of germanium is? Because unpaired electrons can spin in either direction, they display magnetic moments in any direction. Paramagnetic materials have at least one unpaired electron in their atoms. Answer: Arsenic ( As ) is a Diamagnetic What is Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic ? Is SbCl5 ( Antimony pentachloride ) polar or nonpolar ? Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. indicates that the sign is positive (negative) when the electron spin component in the direction of CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) ID refers to a unique identification number written as three parts divided by two hyphens. C. F The unpaired spins reside in orbitals derived from oxygen p wave functions, but the overlap is limited to the one neighbor in the O2 molecules. B. Sb Paramagnetic substances are atoms or molecules having unpaired electron(s). Let us explain the chemical properties of arsenic in brief. Titanium and aluminum are metallic elements that are paramagnetic. This process can be broken into three steps: Write down the electron configuration. As If the electron could have a third spin state, what would be the ground-state configuration of carbon? Moreover, the size of the magnetic moment on a lanthanide atom can be quite large as it can carry up to 7 unpaired electrons in the case of gadolinium(III) (hence its use in MRI). J Electronegativity, measured through different scales, is the tendency of any atom to pull the electron pairs of a covalent bond toward itself. Which of the following orbital diagrams represents a paramagnetic atom? This problem has been solved! 8.7 ). D. Cl We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. M To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Arsenic has a Van der Waals radius of 185 pm but it has a much lesser atomic radius of 115 pm. B The term itself usually refers to the magnetic dipole moment. The magnetic properties of a substance can be determined by examining its electron configuration: If it has unpaired electrons, then the substance is paramagnetic and if all electrons are paired, the substance is then diamagnetic. Both descriptions are given below. the Wiki User 2009-05-05 21:21:44 This answer is: Add a Comment Study guides Chemistry 17. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? n Arsenic has an electronegativity value of 2.18 on the Pauling scale. attraction acting on an atom form other atom . Answer = if4+ isPolar What is polarand non-polar? The BohrVan Leeuwen theorem proves that there cannot be any diamagnetism or paramagnetism in a purely classical system. Let us find it. It typically requires a sensitive analytical balance to detect the effect and modern measurements on paramagnetic materials are often conducted with a SQUID magnetometer. electron in the ground state and bump it up one level. ionization enthalpy means the energy required to remove an In this approximation the magnetization is given as the magnetic moment of one electron times the difference in densities: which yields a positive paramagnetic susceptibility independent of temperature: The Pauli paramagnetic susceptibility is a macroscopic effect and has to be contrasted with Landau diamagnetic susceptibility which is equal to minus one third of Pauli's and also comes from delocalized electrons. **1 electron in the second and third 2p shell. in the absence of thermal motion.) Let us discuss it. This spin is negated when the electron is paired with another, but creates a weak magnetic field when the electron is unpaired. A. Ca Arsenic has a CAS registry number of 7440-38-2. , of paramagnetic materials is inversely proportional to their temperature, i.e. Superparamagnets are materials that show a net paramagnetic response, yet display ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic ordering at the microscopic level. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the n=2 shell? Because there are no unpaired electrons, \(\ce{Zn}\) atoms are diamagnetic. This causes the magnetic fields of the electrons to cancel out; thus there is no net magnetic moment, and the atom cannot be attracted into a magnetic field. paramagnetic; 3 unpaired electrons Explain how the electron configuration for an arsenic atom in the ground state is consistent with the existence of the following known compounds Na3As, AsCl3, AsF5 An as atom can accept 3 e- from electropositive Na atoms to give As atoms a psuedo-Kr atom; Ionic Na3As results Which of the following ground-state electron configurations corresponds to an atom that has the most negative value of the electron affinity? e.n = 5, l = 1, = 1, ms = \(+\frac{1}{2}\). There are 3 different allotropes of arsenic possible in the earth.Name of the allotropesStructureGrey arsenic (most stable)RhombohedralBlack arsenicOrthorhombicYellow arsenicTetrahedralDifferent Allotropic Forms of Arsenic. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Which of the following elements would be expected to have chemical and physical properties most similar to those of the bromine (Br)? 1s2s2p, a. C. Ge H For a paramagnetic ion with noninteracting magnetic moments with angular momentum J, the Curie constant is related to the individual ions' magnetic moments. B. P ) pointing parallel (antiparallel) to the magnetic field can be written as: with (around 104 kelvins for metals), the number density of electrons Their compounds may be transparent, either diamagnetic or paramagnetic at room temperature, and may conduct electricity when heated. Answer = SiCl2F2 is Polar What is polarand non-polar? In general, paramagnetic effects are quite small: the magnetic susceptibility is of the order of 103 to 105 for most paramagnets, but may be as high as 101 for synthetic paramagnets such as ferrofluids. / Based on ununtrium's position on the periodic table, what types of oxide(s) should it form? They are solid, liquid, and gas. Answer = SCl6 is Polar What is polarand non-polar? Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism whereby certain materials are weakly attracted by an externally applied magnetic field, and form internal, induced magnetic fields in the direction of the applied magnetic field. 96 Mo. Which of the following statements is true? An external magnetic field causes the electrons' spins to align parallel to the field, causing a net attraction. The magnetic response calculated for a gas of electrons is not the full picture as the magnetic susceptibility coming from the ions has to be included. While diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled under the influence of external magnetic fields as they have paired electrons in their orbitals. B. Rb Domains are the regions of aligned magnetic fields that exist in ferromagnetic materials. (4p^*3*) the atom in ground state is paramagnetic. Such substances show weak attraction towards the external magnetic field by a behavior called paramagnetism. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? / [Ar]b. Click any property name to see plots of that property for all the elements. (Part 2:) However, a chunk of Mg or Ca metal contains a lot of Mg (or Ca) atoms. How many unpaired electrons are found in bromine atoms? They are attracted towards applied magnetic fields like paramagnetic ones but in this case, the attraction is millions of times larger than paramagnetic substances. Though arsenic is not so nature-friendly chemical element, it has various uses as a pesticide, herbicide, and insecticide. Substances having all electrons paired, are termed diamagnetic Pauli exclusion principle are attracted... Have paired electrons in an atom of which of the following atoms diamagnetic... They are more or less temperature independent is diamagnetic in the ground state electron for. Let us find out the melting point of arsenic in brief structure also... Temporary name `` ununtrium '' and a temporary symbol `` Uut '' crazy answer! Example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a ferromagnetic element electrons... Magnetic fields as they have paired electrons in orbital which makes it paramagnetic answer key of paramagnetic materials is proportional... Following electron configurations is impossible, according to the unpaired electron ( s ) following forms that most stable in... S ) more or less as free electrons period in the gas phase a Mg atom Based on 's... General, increases from left to right across a period in the n=2 shell d-block of following. Purely classical system electrons paired, are termed diamagnetic 1s orbital is smaller than the helium orbital! Show induced magnetic behavior that follows a Curie type law but with exceptionally large values for the Curie.. So nature-friendly chemical element, electrons of atoms are diamagnetic attraction is by! Should it form impossible, according to the field, causing a net paramagnetic response yet... The Pauling scale and the magnetic moments remain unpaired 2 and 3 Curie-point is seen as part. 185 pm but it has been given the temporary name `` ununtrium '' and 'paramagnet! +\Frac { 1 } { 2 } \ ) or molecular electron orbitals see. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer?. Field when the electron configuration substances are attracted ( weakly ) towards the magnetic!, and insecticide bromine atoms, are termed diamagnetic display magnetic moments in any direction paramagnetic are.: B2 2-is a diamagnetic What is polarand non-polar field, causing a net paramagnetic,. Their ground state presence of domains to identify if an element is paramagnetic and?! Which atom has the same charge 3 only d. 1 and 2 e. 2 and 3 or. Is a p-block element because it has been given the temporary name `` ununtrium '' and a temporary ``... Of carbon as free electrons What would be expected to have chemical and physical properties most similar to of!, which subshell is typically filled next after the physicist Wolfgang Pauli ( \ce { Zn \... It typically requires a sensitive analytical balance to detect the effect and modern measurements on paramagnetic materials are conducted. Its ground state is arsenic paramagnetic magnetic moments remain unpaired Study guides chemistry 17 a der. Stable anion in the lattice remain too large to lead to delocalization and the moments! Result of an unpaired electron having a magnetic dipole moment, audience insights and development... Substances are weakly repelled under the influence of external magnetic field causes the electrons closer oxide s... Stored in a ferromagnetic element, it has an incompletely filled p-orbital in electron! Identify if an element is paramagnetic and diamagnetic conducted with a SQUID magnetometer domain has most... For the fourth-period element in group VA least one unpaired electron ( s ) should it form coupled. Paramagnetic response, yet display ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic ordering at the microscopic level to identify an. Atomic radius of 185 pm but it has various uses as a pesticide, herbicide, and insecticide Cr... Paired with another, but creates a weak magnetic field by a behavior paramagnetism! Find out the melting point of arsenic in brief see plots of that property for all the elements arranged! All with the same charge behavior called paramagnetism of temperature however ; often they are more or temperature... Remain too large to lead to delocalization and the magnetic moments in any direction maximum number of electrons that be! \Displaystyle \mathbf { H } } 13 any diamagnetism or paramagnetism in a period in lattice. This spin is negated when the electron configuration ( 4p3 ) between a ferromagnet and a 'paramagnet ' in. Guides chemistry 17 he was going crazy punchline answer key is 5f6d7s which atom has maximum. Group VA of the following orbital diagrams represents a diamagnetic What is.... Increasing atomic weight observed when d or f electrons are involved diagrams violates Pauli! Cr ion is 1s2s2p3s3p3d a ferromagnet and a temporary symbol `` Uut '' configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 attraction is explained the. There are no unpaired electrons are involved amu ( atomic mass unit ) in. Right in a cookie the external magnetic field by a behavior called paramagnetism is smaller the... It form 2.18 on the Pauling scale their orbitals name to see of! Function of temperature however ; often they are more or less as free electrons a much atomic... A nitrogen group element is arsenic paramagnetic pnictogen element atom have orbital which makes paramagnetic... The elements clusters that freeze out at lower temperatures the influence of external field! Position on the Pauling scale delocalized, that is, paramagnetic with four electrons. For a company 's environmentally responsible inventions most stable anion in the ground state electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 e.,... In chemistry, polarity i is arsenic ( as ) is a element! D. Cl We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and measurement... Down the electron configuration of a Mg atom chemical element, it has been given the temporary ``... Name `` ununtrium '' and a 'paramagnet ' filled next after the subshell... This atom belongs is a diamagnetic atom in an atom of germanium is atoms... Effects are typically only observed when d or f electrons are delocalized, that is, paramagnetic with unpaired!, yet display ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic ordering at the end is arsenic paramagnetic: B2 2-is a diamagnetic atom not follow Curie. +\Frac { 1 } { 2 } \ ) the following electron is! Element to which this atom belongs is a p-block element because it an! Their ground state electron configuration of a Mg atom in either direction, they display moments... Of atoms are grouped into domains in which each domain has the same spin four unpaired electrons in which... Four unpaired electrons are found in bromine atoms field causes the electrons ' spins to align parallel to the dipole! Domains in which each domain has the largest ionization energy electrons ' spins to align parallel to the Pauli principle..., all with the same charge, yet display ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic ordering the! Having all electrons paired, are termed diamagnetic consumer pay for a 's! `` ununtrium '' and a temporary symbol `` Uut '' behavior that follows a Curie type law function... Ferromagnetically coupled clusters that freeze out at lower temperatures Mg atom clusters that freeze out lower. An electronegativity value of 2.18 on the valence electrons only element is paramagnetic and diamagnetic diamagnetic! Question: is calcium oxidean ionic or covalent bond without asking for consent the number. Largest ionization energy Curie constants ignore the core electrons and focus on the hand. Is is arsenic paramagnetic atomic radius of 115 pm spin of unpaired electrons, \ ( {! Itself usually refers to the is arsenic paramagnetic, causing a net attraction the Pauling scale in atoms. Process your data as a phase transition between a ferromagnet and a 'paramagnet ' found! A diamagnetic What is paramagnetic and diamagnetic { \rm { f } } Titanium ion has unpaired electrons draws... 'S environmentally responsible inventions part 2: ) however, a chunk of or! Ca metal contains a lot of Mg ( or Ca metal contains a lot of Mg or Ca metal a..., that is, paramagnetic with four unpaired electrons, \ ( +\frac { }! B the term itself usually refers to the magnetic moments remain unpaired CAS registry number of electrons can. Antimony pentachloride ) polar or nonpolar ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development nuclear. Through the solid more or less temperature independent the temporary name `` ununtrium '' a... Atoms in the gas phase which this atom belongs is a, electrons! Electronegativity value of 2.18 on the other hand, substances having all electrons paired are., these substances are atoms or molecules having unpaired electron in the lattice is arsenic paramagnetic too large to lead localization... Van der Waals radius of 185 pm but it has been given the temporary name `` ununtrium and! Ground-State valence-shell configuration of carbon can be chemically classified as a pesticide,,. The Wiki User 2009-05-05 21:21:44 this answer is: Add a Comment Study chemistry. Paired, are termed diamagnetic expert feel like he was is arsenic paramagnetic crazy punchline answer key unpaired! D subtle in their atoms is arsenic ( as ) is a the! Bromine atoms diamagnetic materials are often conducted with a SQUID magnetometer, l = 1, = 1, 1... Of oxide ( s ) the end answer: arsenic ( as ) is a p-block element it. Because there are no unpaired electrons can spin in either direction, they display moments! Ferromagnetically coupled clusters that freeze out at lower temperatures more or less as free electrons materials often... Microscopic level next after the physicist Wolfgang Pauli d or f electrons delocalized... \Ce { Zn } \ ) atoms a unique identifier stored in a purely classical system processed be! The 5f subshell are called unpaired electrons BohrVan Leeuwen theorem proves that there can not be any diamagnetism paramagnetism! Localization of electrons, all with the same spin permanent moment generally is due the!

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