black owned plantations in louisiana
Examples of slave housing can be found on many of the extant plantation complexes. These are the three parishes (equivalent to counties elsewhere) along the Mississippi River immediately west of New Orleans. Duparc died in 1808 and four generations of his descendants took over the family plantation. Take a look inside at a plantation run by four generations of Women. [10], Real estate broker Robert Andrew Wolf, Jr. (19302016) of Alexandria, Louisiana, and his partner, John Wasson designed the current Melrose Plantation structure. Whitney Plantation located at 5099 Highway 18 in Wallace, Louisiana on the west bank of the Mississippi River. The Best Louisiana Plantations for Black History There are a lot of plantations in the USA that have historically romanticized the architecture and days of Mint Juleps on sweeping verandas. You can fulfill your romantic fantasy of staying at the beautiful Oak Alley with a Mint Julep in hand. and Some Acadians made their way to Louisiana and small groups arrived between 1764 and 1785. After the Civil War, railroads took over most of the hauling of goods. In 1860, slave owners, white or black, owned around one to five slaves on average. Jean Dorville Landry. The Philadelphia Sunday SUN - P.O. Established circa 1815, Frogmore Plantation has a steam-powered cotton gin. Generations of Africans and their descendants were enslaved here to establish and maintain indigo, rice, and sugar crops. In plantation kitchens, they preserved the foodways of Africa. The Africans enslaved in Louisiana came mostly from Senegambia, the Bight of Benin, the Bight of Biafra, and West-Central Africa. It includes information about how the trade began, which European countries were involved, and where Africans were captured and forcibly migrated along routes of trade that extended both to the west and east of the African continent. On 22 March 1847, the Louis Metoyer plantation was struck off at $8,340 to the highest bidder, the French Crole brothers Hypolite Hertzog and Henry Hertzogwith the latter acting as agent for his sister Jeanne Fanny (Widow Dassize) Bossier. Joe Jaeger, the owner and director of the New Orleans Hotel Collection, which is a regional hospitality investment firm, bought and managed the 200-room hotel. My husband and I are well travelled and found the tour guide one of the best we have had in the world. In the years following the war, some black people were able to purchase plantations, but most were unable to hold on to them for long. After enslaved workers on Etienne DeBores plantation successfully granulated a crop of sugar in 1795, sugar replaced indigo as the dominant crop grown by enslaved people in Louisiana. We were cold and being rain on, and she still kept our interest the whole way. If you are in a rental car - just dont do it. Sugar plantations produced raw sugar as well as molasses, which were packed into wooden barrels on the plantation and shipped out to markets in New Orleans. At the time of the cotton gins invention, the sub tropical soils in the Eastern United States were becoming depleted, and the fertilizer deposits of guano deposits of South America and the Pacific Islands along with the nitrate deposits in the Chilean deserts were not yet being exploited, meaning that there were fertilizer shortages, leading to a decline in agriculture in the Southeast and a westward expansion to new land. Lets move onto the Destrehan Plantation where you will have a better understanding of the unheard voices of the past. There is also a cemetery on the property. Whiskey Dave built the Myrtles Plantation in the 1800s. Learn about how New Orleans was built on the foundation of the plantations, the outdoors, and the grand architecture of its past, but youll also learn about the regions rich history. This cane was frost-resistant, which made it possible for plantation owners to grow sugarcane in Louisianas colder parishes. In 1795, there were 19,926 enslaved Africans and 16,304 free people of color in Louisiana. It gives you insight into the Slave Revolt of 1811, as the Destrehan Plantation was where three tribunals condemned 45 of the 200 slaves were beheaded for killing 2 white plantation owners. Louis Metoyer Private Land Claim Certificate B1953 (sections 17 and 94, Township 7 North, Range 6 West), Record Group 49, General Land Office, National Archives; Louis Mettoyer claim for 883.60 acres, OPEL: May 1796, File B1953, Louis Metoyer, Opelousas Notarial Records, Louisiana State Land Office, Baton Rouge; "Enterrements, 1793-1796 [Etc. In 1712, there were only 10 Africans in all of Louisiana. Whitney Plantation Historic District has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992. This would change dramatically after the first two ships carrying captive Africans arrived in Louisiana in 1719. The AC works really well and there is a HUGE shower! Whitney Plantation is the only former plantation site in Louisiana that is entirely dedicated to the subject of slavery. The Oak Alley Plantation is indeed gorgeous and one of the plantations who see on every postcard you see when talking about Louisiana Plantations because of the remaining 28 Oak trees along the walkway to the entrance to the big house. Events Calendar for Louisiana River Parishes, history of Louisiana at the Laura Plantation, tours available at the Destrehan Plantation. This was probably due to his father's wealth and standing.[4][5][6][7][8]. This gives a great overview of how those enslaved struggled to get free from the grip of oppression. This was a Creole plantation; they spoke French, and were Catholic and had nowhere else to go. Built in 1830; French-Creole Architecture. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. It was safer and produced a higher-quality sugar, but it was expensive to implement and only the wealthiest plantation owners could afford it before the Civil War. Visiting the Whitney Plantation was an experience I'll never forget! Plantation reached its peak production in the years leading up to the Civil War. L'Union . You will see pictures from that tour, and it is one I will not soon forget, because never in my wildest dreams would I imagine that people of color would purchase and own other people of color. See soil surveys of the various parishes. In 1722, nearly 170 indigenous people were enslaved on Louisianas plantations. will bring visitors to the museum, but will often not drive back out to pick up. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the population of free people of color in Louisiana remained relatively stable, while the population of enslaved Africans skyrocketed. The land was granted to Louis Metoyer, who had the "Big House" built beginning about 1832. He was very involved and well known in both the slave trade and sugar production. So if you have the time to do so, I would visit each of the plantations in the order that I have listed here. The Garden District of New Orleans was once home to what was once a massive plantation. Thousands were smuggled from Africa and the Caribbean through the illegal slave trade. About 28 percent of the free black population in New Orleans at the time owned slaves, with at least six owning 65 or more. Enslaved people often escaped and became maroons in the swamps to avoid deadly work and whipping. In the years following the war, some black people were able to purchase plantations, but most were unable to hold on to them for long. Located at Patterson Street and Merrill Street, and noted for its productive truck gardens. This was advantageous since ribbon cane has a tough bark which is hard to crush with animal power. Lauras uncles left the plantation with no heirs after their children died and lost their rights to inherit the land. Is the Maison Dupuy owned black? In 1860 there were 472 free black Louisianians whose average real estate holdings were worth over $10,000. The oak trees that lead visitors to the main house are over 300 years old. Please be aware of this issue and plan accordingly. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. They lived in an integrated home here, but integration does not mean equality. They even have a German Coast Farmers Market, and Louisiana was owned by France for many many years (think way back to Junior High and High School about the purchase of Louisiana from France). If you are looking for a unique swamp tour in Louisiana then the Cajun Pride Swamp tour is the one for you! Similar to the Metoyer siblings, many multiracial Creoles became educated property owners, particularly in New Orleans, Opelousas, and the Cane River and Campti areas of Natchitoches. . A few of them came from Southeast Africa. There are numerous slave quarters, smokehouses, and outbuildings that are still standing on the Nottoway Plantation, which is extremely large and historically significant. Indigo is a brilliant blue dye produced from a plant of the same name. Their heads were placed outside of the plantations where they were from in order to discourage future rioting. We offer both self-guided and guided tour options. Every bedroom in a home looks very similar to a movie set. It is located one hours drive between Baton Rouge and New Orleans. [12] The newly mechanized cotton industry in England during the Industrial Revolution absorbed the tremendous supply of cheap cotton that became a major crop in the Southern United States. There are a lot of plantations in the USA that have historically romanticized the architecture and days of Mint Juleps on sweeping verandas. They are architectural and landscape examples of the period, and are an inspiration for todays plantation restoration efforts. Originally this plantation was called the Andry Plantation in 1811 and was where the 1811 slave revolt began. Today, there are no known black-owned plantations in Louisiana. [16], Analysis of glass and nails from the site confirms three major periods of occupancy of Yucca House, c. 18071821, c. 1874-1888 (renovation likely after the 1884 purchase by Joseph Henry), and c. 1916-1930 (renovation by Henry's son John and his wife Carmelite "Miss Cammie" Henry). The house was completed in 1833 after Louis' death by his son Jean Baptiste Louis Metoyer. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Louisiana that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on a heritage register; or are otherwise significant for their history, their association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design.[1][2][3]. In this early period, European indentured servants submitted to 36-month contracts did most of the work clearing land and laboring on small-scale plantations. Well because of the mix of cultures that have lived here throughout the years. However, Antoine had married well back in the 1830s. It was also a trade-good used in the purchase of West African captives in the Atlantic slave trade. Despite the fact that the grounds and mansion are not as grand as those of the other properties, guests continue to rave about them. Visitors learn about this history through tours, exhibits, memorials, and artwork. The Laura Plantation offers some of the best tours, a historical perspective, and an unforgettable story. To hear their stories, see where and how they lived was truly eye opening. [2], Buildings include the main house, the Yucca House, the Ghana House, and the Africa House, plus some outbuildings. With tears welling in my eyes, I looked down at the low-hanging limbs of the old oaks and felt the words of Billie Holidays Strange Fruit echo through my head. However, there is no concrete evidence to support this claim. It was during the period of expanding steam transportation that plantation agriculture dominated the Southern economy, with two-thirds of the millionaires in the U.S. living in Louisiana, mostly between Natchez, Mississippi, and New Orleans. They even put artillery on board for potential riots, and nets around the ship to catch slaves if they tried to jump overboard. The languages you will encounter the most are French and English in the Louisiana River Parishes. To increase their wealth, they decided that they should own slaves and run a sugar plantation. Assessment of remains of European ceramic ware indicates initial occupancy of Yucca House was post-1810, contrary to the 1796 date that historians earlier had proposed. In an effort to highlight black history more, I decided to specifically visit to go and visit the best Louisiana Plantations for Black History. It was at the eastern edge of the plantation settled by his elder brother Augustin Metoyer. To shoot both her Deja Vue video and album inserts for Bday, Beyonce chose this plantation. The plantation was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974. White landowners enslaved black Americans for at least a century after the Civil War. Enslaved women who served as wet-nurses had to care for their owners children instead of their own. The open kettle method of sugar production continued to be used throughout the 19th century. Whitney Plantation Museum offers tours Wednesday through Monday, from 10am-3pm. Because the mansion is only a short walk from the main road, touring it in this manner is simple and quick. The majority of black inmates were subleased to land owners to replace slaves while others continued levee, railroad, and road construction. In addition to enslaved Africans and European indentured servants, early Louisianas plantation owners used the labor of Native Americans. The Spanish did come to the area in 1528 and 1543 but returned to Spain. Wonderful, deep, passionate and rigorous depiction of a plantation from a slaves perspective. They couldnt, they were illiterate and couldnt write, and signed their names with an X. Mowing The Lawn While Pregnant: Is It Safe And What Precautions Should You Take? This mansion is the largest mansion of its type still standing in the American South. Guided tours depart every 40 minutes from 10 a.m.-4 p.m., and arrive every 70 and 90 minutes to complete the tour. After the planting season, enslaved workers began work in other areas on the plantation, such as cultivating corn and other food crops, harvesting wood from the surrounding forests, and maintaining levees and canals. Discount Admission:$23 Some early twentieth-century traditions associated with the plantation, such as its first owner and origins of architectural style, have been disproved by historic research since the 1970s. The purchaser, F. R. Cauranneau of New Orleans, held the land and houses as an absentee owner until April 1884, when he found a buyer willing to pay $4,500 cash. Lake Charles is the best place for a family-friendly version of Mardi Gras with plenty of activities to participate in the entire week before Fat Tuesday. This park, which is privately funded, is popular with tourists. So after visiting the Laura Plantation, you have an introduction into the colorful plantation homes of the French. The cotton plantations would often threaten to send their rebellious slaves to those down the river insinuating they would sell them to a sugar plantation. Please fill out are booking request form for all educational group tours. Historic house in Louisiana, United States, harvp error: no target: CITEREFMacDonaldMorganHandleyLee2006 (. [16] After the American Civil War in 1865, the United States of America had abolished slavery, and the architecture changed for laborers on plantations to include more space, one example of this is found at the Allendale Plantation in Port Allen.[16]. The Parsonage Fund, a student-focused grant program, provided funding for Pickneys research. Guided Tours are available on a first-come, first served-basis. Because of its strong association with the Metoyer family, Melrose Plantation is the major regional site for National Park Service interpretation of the history of Creoles of color in the region. There are numerous ghost stories associated with the plantation. During the Thomas Jefferson Presidency, a high priority was to build roads to New Orleans, specifically the Natchez Trace and the Federal Road through Georgia, initially intended to facilitate mail delivery. In 1865, James W. Nott purchased the property and built the imposing neoclassical mansion that is now the centerpiece of the plantation. Under French rule (1699-1763), the German Coast became the main supplier of food to New Orleans. Italianate and Greek Revival home, built about 1846. This section will give you a very brief overview of the plantations in the Louisiana River Parishes area that focus on Black History. The widow and her son operated a large sugar plantation together and owned more slaves than all other black slave owners in Louisiana in 1860, topping off at 152. These ships, which originated in the West Coast of Africa, carried captive rice farmers who brought the agricultural expertise to grow Louisianas rice plantations into profitable businesses for their European owners. Enslaved workers siphoned this liquid into a second vat called a beater, or batterie. Saint Joseph Mansion was built in 1830 as part of a 1,000-acre estate. [10] Augustin Metoyer and his brother Louis were notable for founding and building the St. Augustine Parish (Isle Brevelle) Church in Natchez, Louisiana, the first in the state built by free people of color. Private tours with less than 10 people must pay for 10 people in addition to the $25 closed-day fee. The properties historical significance, architecture, and landscape all lend themselves well to their historical and architectural significance. In 1755-1762 the Acadians (French-Canadians) were exiled from Canada by the British from Nova Scotia. There are original records and replicas of musical instruments used during the time that slaves in the area used the music of the fields combined with Cigar box banjos, to make what little money they could provide for themselves and/or family. This plantation will show you their lives, customs, traditions, their illnesses and things they struggled with. Grif was the racial designation used for their children. Site Marker: Built in 1801 by Marius Pons Bringier as wedding gift for daughter Fanny, who married Christophe Columb, a French refugee. New Orleans was actually excluded from the emancipation proclamation, the army was out of money from the lack of slave labor so they offered army pensions to those who would fight in the war. We can see the Whitney Plantation and St Joseph Plantations, which were used as filming locations for the film 12 Years a Slave. Once fermented, the leaves dyed the water a deep blue. If You Have To Choose 1 Plantation Visit This Is It! There is an entire room dedicated to a visual representation of what happened that day, and what came afterwards. The shed reminded me eerily of the torture chambers I saw while in Auschwitz. It really has changed my perspective on so many things. [citation needed], Transportation at the time was extremely limited. If you are a brand and would like to work with me,click here. [3][9] The archeology study of European ceramic ware at the Yucca House site south of the river suggests it was first occupied after 1810. People enjoy looking at pretty houses, which are more similar to European castles than our own. Historically sugar cane plantations were often much more brutal and back breaking to work on than the cotton plantations. Nervous about spending big money for a fancy stay in Lake Charles? The prices range from $175 - $325 per night depending on the cottage you would like to book. I will go into more detail on each of the plantations in separate posts so be sure to subscribe to my email list so you dont miss those articles. Plantation owners, both white and black, lost huge sums of money. Evergreen Plantation, which was built in 1790, is one of the most thoroughly preserved plantations in the country. My tour guide told me that she did not include this plantation in my itinerary because she didnt want me depressed for the rest of the trip and to go home crying. [citation needed]. You can take in breathtaking views of the Mississippi River and the plantations that dot its banks when you stay at the Inn at Houmas House. Their eldest son left the plantation after his only child died and moved to the French Quarter to live. Many of the state's amazing antebellum mansions remain intact, and are meticulously maintained and furnished with beautiful period pieces. White inmates, seen as more intellectual, were given clerk and craftsmanship work . In the last stage, the sugar crystallized. The two boys never had children, so the plantation was bequeathed solely to Laura, who did not want it once she realized her station in life benefited from being a plantation owner, and she did not like what was happening to the slaves. Here is your EPIC itinerary for 48 Hours in Dubrovnik Croatia a UNESCO city with stunning views, rich history, and surprises around every corner. They do offer a full breakfast included in the price. Like most planters of the region in the wake of the American Civil War and Reconstruction, they struggled financially and were able to do little to improve or maintain the property. Learn about the HISTORY of the River Parishes! Comparatively speaking though, the number of people of African descent in Louisiana at the end of the 18th century was ten times the total number of Acadians who arrived over a 21-year period. The core zone of sugar production ran along the Mississippi River, between New Orleans and Baton Rouge. This is a very moving and unique tour that may be disturbing to those sensitive to the history of slaves. 5. Plantation heiress and manager Laura Lacoul Gore's (1861-1963) autobiography tells the family's history and her experience living at the plantation. The tour here focuses on honoring the lives of over 100,000 people held in slavery in Louisiana. If you visit one or all of them being able to visit the past and educate ourselves is very important. After her daughters read Gone with the Wind, and asked her if that was how plantation life really was. Please request Susan. On April 10, I made a journey to the Laura Plantation in Louisiana. This juice was then boiled down in a series of open kettles called the Jamaica Train. The exhibits about Kid Ory tell how music executives used his songs to make money, but never paid him royalties. While there are no photos . The new owner, an Irish immigrant merchant named Joseph Henry, had married into a prominent local family. The German Coast, where Whitney Plantation is located, was home to 2,797 enslaved workers. Construction began on the "Big House" at Melrose before the 11 March 1832 death of Louis Metoyer. U.S. National Register of Historic Places, Louisiana African American Heritage Trail, St. Augustine Parish (Isle Brevelle) Church, List of National Historic Landmarks in Louisiana, National Register of Historic Places listings in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, "Alexandria Realtor Robert Wolf dies at age of 85", History of the National Register of Historic Places, List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state, List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places, University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melrose_Plantation&oldid=1138732672, Museums in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana, Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Louisiana, National Register of Historic Places in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 08:12. 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