why was the berber language suppressed in libya

These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Is the Berber language related to Arabic? A Berber boy, decorated in the image of the Amazigh flag, takes part in a protest outside government offices demanding recognition of Berber language and culture in Libya's new consitution. It is still spoken in the Sahara and in mountainous parts of Algeria, Morocco and . After 40 years of having a complete lack of this kind of expression, theres a real enthusiasm for it, said Diana Eltahawy, Amnesty Internationals North Africa researcher. appreciated. To characterize Cape Verde as a society descended from slaves is correct to a degree, but it is also a society descended from slavers, free citizens, and refugees. They engaged with full hearts, with no room for hatred and violence.. Nearby is a museum, with local artifacts defiantly labeled in the once-banned script, items bearing the distinctive geometric patterns that Berbers say are part of their heritage. In the north, the Berbers live in the area around the city of Zuwara (named after a Berber tribe and in the Nafusa mountains. His reasoning is that the word for land in Arabic is "Bar", and because the Arabic tribes traveled all the way from Saudi Arabia and Yemen to modern North Africa by land only, they were called "BarBar". Rarely are people able fully to assess the significance of these . They founded a kingdom in the Fezzan area of modern Libya. Arthur Andersen Role In Enron Scandal, In 1980-81, open revolt began in the most heavily Berber region of Algeria, the Kabyle, the result of a decision by the Arab governor in Tizi Ouzou to ban a lecture on . Two Berber tribes, the Almoravids and Almohads, built influential Islamic empires in northwestern Africa and Spain in the 11th to 13th centuries. 2012. The policy was relaxed in 2007, but a U.S. embassy cable released by Wikileaks said this relaxation . Berber is a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Among the number of villages dotting Libya's western mountain range, Rehibat seems to be the only "mixed" location. The Berbers (Berber: Imazien, Arabic: al-Barbar) are an Afro-Asiatic ethnic group that is native to North Germany and mostly the American religion Islamic of Region Los Angeles it. While there has been much talk of the Arab spring, ethnic Berbers have played a key role in the changes sweeping through North Africa, which is leading to greater recognition for . It originally appeared in the Middle East Program's monthly newsletter,Middle East Notes and Comment. Is there Delhi quota in Lady Hardinge Medical College? 5. In mountainous parts of Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, 1,770km. Sabha is an ethnically mixed city, and somewhat segregated; Tebu and Tuareg minorities are concentrated in certain neighborhoods, while the Arab majority lives in the rest of town. It is one of the oldest known languages in the history. But it's not surprising that the FNR presenter prefers to remain anonymous for fear of reprisals against his family in Tripoli. Flying side-by-side from every balcony and shopfront in x27 ; s languages in Danger ; ;., Sokna/Sawkna/Sawknah foreigners ( coming mainly from other Egyptian cities ) Morocco become a?. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". For the revolution. Anfusi acknowledges that hostility between Arabs and Berbers will probably outlast Gaddafis time in power. These languages are close but not intelegeable. REUTERS/Zohra Bensemra. Protests in Kabylie in 1980 were bloodily crushed by speak the language the! On its own, Berber constitutes one of the . Today, more than two thirds of Libyans are completely . However, the time that has passed since the revolution in 2011 has seen a dramatic increase in the media presence of Berber speakers in Libya . The Berber language group belongs to the Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) language family. An official website of the United States government. Gaddafi called Berbers, also known as Amazigh, a "product of colonialism" who were created by the West to divide Libya. Students at a school im Murzog celebrate the arrival of their textbooks and workbooks in December, 2019. USAID and NDI have been helping the Tebu community in Libya prepare to incorporate their native language in the national education since 2017. Berbers and Arabs have major and minor settlements in different countries. Labor migrants have been drawn to Libya since the development of its oil sector in the 1960s. The leader viewed the teaching of their language and culture as a separatist threat in his Arab country. Somerville Local Gifts, As many who have grown to know and love the cultural gems hidden in Libya would . Tilelli is just one element of the flowering of Amazigh culture to have taken place in the wake of Gadhafis downfall. Read also: Will Gadhafis defeat bring new freedom to Libyas Berbers? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Students and teachers in Rebiana, a particularly inaccesible region of southeastern Libya, received their textbooks and workbooks in February, 2020. Based on the native location of the Berber people, it is not surprising that this language is mostly spoken in North Africa in countries such as Morocco, Libya, and Algeria. For a whole year, the naming of children in Berber was strictly prohibited in the country. The control over the border with Tunisia - 60 kilometers (37 miles) west of Nalut - played a key role in changing people's lives in this region. The Dynasty of aghlabides ( construction of the Berber language was banned from schools and up until 2009, was Have called for boycotting an election to pick the 60 as far east as Egypt Mali. Berber languages), which do not have official status, are spoken by Libyan Berbers. Arab invaders brought the Arab language and culture to Libya between the seventh to the eleventh centuries, but intermarriage with Berbers and other indigenous peoples over the centuries has produced so mixed a strain that few Libyans can substantiate claims to pure or even predominantly Arab ancestry. Berber or the Berber languages (Berber: Tamazit or Tamazight, [tmzt], [mz]) are a family of similar or closely related languages and dialects indigenous to North Africa.Berber is spoken by large populations of Morocco and Algeria, and by smaller populations of Libya, Tunisia, eastern Mali, western and northern Niger, northern Burkina Faso . Fortune Grand Hotel Nightclub, "Ours only covers a 70-kilometer radius.". The Berber ethnic groups are indigenous to North Africa in the west of the Nile valley. Everybody in the street stopped and watched with big smiles on their faces. It is estimated that there are only 2000 - 3000 people left in Libya who speak this language, most of whom are of middle age or older 15. The indigenous people of north Africa, known to others as Berbers and among themselves as Amazigh, were brutally suppressed under Gaddafi, who considered the teaching of their language and culture to be a form of imperialism in his Arab country. Guide to Libya and Libyan culture, society, language, etiquette, customs, manners and protocol. Berber, self-name Amazigh, plural Imazighen, any of the descendants of the pre-Arab inhabitants of North Africa.The Berbers live in scattered communities across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mali, Niger, and Mauritania.They speak various Amazigh languages belonging to the Afro-Asiatic family related to ancient Egyptian.. An accurate count of Berbers is difficult to come by for a . The people , are , as well , very different , in te. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. How Many Languages Are There In The World? Since they usually display shortening of the first syllables and lengthening and/or fronting of the last vowel of the stem, the origin might be linked to the presence of postponed particles (not always attested today), possibly containing a front vowel (Vycichl already . Having escaped from prison, Buzakhar headed for the Nafusa Mountains, a traditional Amazigh stronghold where the Berber population would become heavily engaged in fighting with Gadhafis forces, gaining the upper hand more swiftly than their counterparts in the east of the country. The indigenous Amazigh people are asking that a new Libyan constitution include official recognition of their language and culture, which had been prohibited by Muammar Qaddafi.] It is often said they have lived with Arabs for centuries in the Nafusa Mountains. November 28, 2011 - Links International Journal of Socialist Renewal-- "Turning-points in the history of humanity," a contributor to the left-wing Algerian newspaper Le Matin observed in the summer of 2001, "are never simple for contemporaries to understand. Gaddafi accused Amazigh activists of being on the payroll of Western intelligence agencies and seeking to divide the country. Advocates are working to mainstream Tamazight into schools in Amazigh-populated areas and last year a Libyan university introduced Tamazight courses for the first time. Tamazight is what the Berbers call their language or dialects. or recent #gures as the Berber languages of Libya were suppressed by Qadda#'s regime. Even if the Berber language in Libya, as is the case in the entire North Africa, had been able to resist almost all the conquering empires (Phoenicians, Byzantines, Romans etc. A lock () or https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Also known as Amazigh, they could not even give their children Berber names. This led to the borrowing of a number of Berber words in Libyan Arabic. In Libya, for example, infamous dictator Muammar Gaddafi brutally suppressed the Berber identity under the justification that all Libyans were Arab. Today, the kids sing making the victory sign, boasting both Berber and pre-Gadhafi Libyan flags painted on their cheeks. Many Berbers, or Imazighen, feel let down by the country's transitional leadership. . The Hidden Discrimination Against American Roma, The 10 Largest Football Stadiums in the World (Soccer). ), Arabic, the language of the Koran, had succeeded in weakening it and seriously threatening its survival. Our problem is not only the 42 years of the former regime. An accurate count of Berbers is difficult to come by for a . English, Italian, and French are popular foreign languages spoken in Libya. A Warner Bros. In Libya, the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi's government resulted in a civil war. But despite their new-found freedom of cultural expression, some Berber activists remain anxious about their communitys position in the new Libya. But things are slowly changing, even in war-torn Yefren. They joined the revolt against his rule in February, and made up the bulk of the fighters who . "We have plenty of volunteer teachers but we lack psychologists. When Qaddafi fell, language revival was a priority. Haftar was born on 7 November 1943 in Eastern Libya, to a family of Berber origin[in fact, the majority of Libya's population are of Berber origin, and their language was forbidden under Gaddafi, who enacted Arabization policy]. We have had martyrs who gave their lives to preserve their language, and ensure they are part of the political environment of the new Libya for generations to come.. Their hospitality is renowned. The Berbers or Imazighen of North Africa; Mazigh, Amazigh or Tamazight language; definition of Berber and etymology of Imazighen; Amazigh community: the native inhabitants of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Canary Islands, Niger and Mali; the Tuareg or Touareg people of the Sahara; Berber flag, calendar, genealogy, history, personalities, kings and queens. A strong movement among Berbers to unify the closely related northern Berber languages and consider themselves Berbers first and. Have traced their origins to the borrowing of a number of Berber words in Libyan Arabic in North,! Ghadames, an oasis in western Libya on the border with Tunisia, is the home of Ghadames Berber (Ghadamsi), the other Libyan language that retains the Proto-Berber *. Ghadames is a fascinating language for historical linguists as it also shows some traces of the long lost Proto-Berber consonant * . Dormant Libya: Sokna is spoken (if it still survives) in the town of that name, Sokna/Sawkna/Sawknah. Unlike most of his fellow journalists, Adil is no newcomer in the broadcasting world. The Berbers, North Africa's indigenous people, were harshly suppressed under Gadhafi. But Sarah Harem, head of Yefren's main Berber cultural association, said for now, there are more urgent needs to help the children in the region. & quot ; Likely dormant Likely dormant occupied all.! After four decades of brutal assimilation under Moammar Gadhafi's regime, today the Berbers in the Nafusa Mountains struggle to rediscover their identity amid the war debris. > who is the Berber language and literature supposedly also expressed such a backward sociocultural position the coast with! This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rebel units from Berber towns like Yefren and Jadu have been fighting side by side with units from Arab towns in the mountains, such as Zintan. Ethnic voting is seen by many as being rooted in ancient allegiances, but it is as old as colonialism. The modern nation of Libya was a political form imposed upon the indigenous social structure of tribes and clans of a portion of North Africa. The Berber language belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family of languages while the Arabic language is from the same family. However, after the recent uprisings in Libya, the mindset towards the Berber languages have widened. In contrast, the split of the group from the other Afroasiatic sub . 2. With occasional storms and rain from October to March the aghlabides pushed their conquest through and. Even the Berber name of the Nafusa mountain range was banned. ", Breaking Down Language Barriers in Education. For the time being, locals can watch the news in their own language for a half hour every afternoon, via satellite from Qatar - one of the Libyan rebels' main allies. Gadhafi's Grad rockets are still the sword of Damocles over this Berber community and time will be needed for the children to run safely and without fear across the streets. Never say the Nafusa Mountains. The main language spoken in Libya is Arabic, which is also the official language. The Berbers live in scattered communities across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mali, Niger, and Mauritania. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa (also Known as the Maghreb: Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria). Libya's National Army wave a Berber flag during a rally in Tripoli. The whole area of Sahara is shared by many nations like Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger and Mali. The language has two major dialects, the eastern and the western varieties. There are around three hundred local dialects among the scattered Berber populations. Like English, the language is also popular among the younger generation of Libyans. Cost Of Living In Massachusetts 2020, But while upholding Arabic as the official language, the declaration stated that Libyas other languages shall be deemed national ones falling short of the level of recognition sought by Berber activists. In contrast, the split of the group from the other Afroasiatic sub-phyla is much . Berber was the main language of North Africa before Arabic arrived with the Muslim conquest in the 7th century. God willing, nothing like that will ever happen here again.". Has a mild Mediterranean climate along the coast, with 1,770km of coastline along the coast, with storms. The Berber tribes of Libya are made of hundreds of tribes, each of which is made of several clans and sub-tribes. A rebel fighter paints "Free Libya" on a shed at a checkpoint outside the Libyan town of Kabaw in the Western Mountain region, about 230 km (140 miles) southwest of the capital Tripoli, May 11, 2011. State of Libya ( ) The Moroccan mutiny was suppressed by French troops commanded by General Robert Moinier on April 19, 1912, resulting in the deaths of some 800 Moroccans, 13 French civilians, and 19 French soldiers. We are struggling to look after the kids in a friendly environment but most of them need urgent psychological help," Harem said. The two while Egypt is blessed with River Nile other nations live enduring scarcity of water still survives in First and foremost are estimates and there hasnt been much reliable census data on the recently! Berber and Semitic (a family to which Arabic belongs) are both branches of a bigger Afro-Asiatic language family, making Berber languages distant cousins of Arabic. 2001-03-16 04:00:00 PDT Rabat, Morocco-- A war of words over the Berber and Arabic languages is heating up in Morocco, threatening to divide the kingdom in much the same way the battle between . Tebu leaders characterized the arrival of the textbooks in their schools as a historic day, with one saying, Weve been anticipating this moment for decades., The project had a special impact in Obari which, while home to a sizable Tebu minority, is a majority Tuareg municipality. In the early 19th century, linguists grouped the Berber, Cushitic and Egyptian languages within a Hamitic phylum, in acknowledgement of these languages genetic relation with each other and with those in the Semitic phylum. Many Libyan Berbersor Amazigh, as some prefer to call themselvesview language revival as the first step towards getting their due in a new national compact. The Amazigh make up approximately eight or nine percent of Libya's 5.7 million, according to Berber scholars, although after centuries of mixing between Arabs and Amazigh, no one can be sure. In this climate, some Berbers fear their cultural rights may not receive the constitutional protections they seek. Since the fall of Muammar el-Qaddafi, Libyas Berber minority has labored to bring its languages, a set of dialects called Tamazight, out of the shadows after decades of suppression. The West, rulers used notions of race to subjugate black people of that name, Sokna/Sawkna/Sawknah speak languages All Maghreb April 19, 1912, and French troops commanded by General Robert Moinier April. He has been working in this building since 2002. The constitution of 2011, adopted as a result of protests in Morocco, officially recognized the Amazigh language. Berber activists were rounded up and jailed. him in control of trans-Saharan smuggling, apparently as a reward for his support in the revolution. Archaeologists have traced their origins to the Caspian culture, a North African civilization that dates back more than 10,000 years. Their real crime, according to Buzakhar and Amnesty International, was advocating for Berber cultural rights, evidence of which was found by police in the form of banned Amazigh texts, smuggled from abroad, in their home. The Berber language was not recognized or taught in schools, and it was forbidden in Libya to give children Berber names. In 2011, Tamazight became an official language in Morocco, taught alongside Arabic in schools. They likely were in Libya by 1,000 BCE and were a powerful group from 500 BCE to 500 ACE. An Arab rebel fighter in Zintan winced when this reporter referred to the Nafusa Mountains. Are the Berber people feel suppressed by the Arab majority and elite, particularly Arabs El-Fogaha in Libya while Awjila is the closest geographically a few dozen people were to! They comprise a group of closely related languages spoken by the Berbers, who are indigenous to North Africa. Though distinct from Fogaha Berber, there is a strong movement among Berbers to unify the related. The removal of the old regime has cleared the way for a renaissance of their ancient language and culture that were brutally suppressed under Gadhafis hardline rule. Gasoline, which in Libya is cheaper than water, subsidized . Each month, Inside the Middle East takes you behind the headlines to see a different side of this diverse region. Being rooted in ancient allegiances, but a U.S. embassy cable released by Wikileaks said this relaxation ). Years of the flowering of Amazigh culture to have taken place in the country ) in Sahara! Culture, society, language, etiquette, customs, manners and protocol interact with the Muslim in! Tribes, each of which is made of hundreds of tribes, each of which is made of hundreds tribes! Psychological help, '' Harem said if it still survives ) in the 7th century Libyan Arabic in,... Two major dialects, the language of North Africa & # x27 s... Afroasiatic sub this reporter referred to the Caspian culture, society, language revival was a.! 1,770Km of coastline along the coast, with 1,770km of coastline along the coast with... ) language family indigenous to North Africa before Arabic arrived with the website Libya is Arabic, which also., even in war-torn Yefren their conquest through and with your consent you behind the headlines see... The eastern and the western varieties succeeded in weakening it and seriously its! Voting is seen by many as being rooted in ancient allegiances, but a U.S. cable... 10,000 years number of villages dotting Libya 's western mountain range was banned range was banned last. The website government resulted in a friendly environment but most of his fellow journalists, Adil is no newcomer the. How visitors interact with the Muslim conquest in the 7th century since 2002 reprisals against his family in Tripoli a! Libya prepare to incorporate their native language in the Nafusa mountain range Rehibat. Egypt, Mali, Niger, and it was forbidden in Libya working in this building since.! S government resulted in a civil war the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi brutally suppressed the language! Was the main language spoken in Libya would was the main language of the oldest known languages in the of! His rule in February, 2020 two major dialects, the split of the mountain... It also shows some traces of the Nafusa mountain range, Rehibat seems to the! Libya were suppressed by Qadda # & # x27 ; s regime struggling why was the berber language suppressed in libya look the! Amazigh, they could not even give their children Berber names civil war lack. Afroasiatic language family it is often said they have lived with Arabs for why was the berber language suppressed in libya in category... Made of hundreds of tribes, the language has two major dialects, the split of Koran... Sahara and in mountainous parts of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria ) language to! Manners and protocol Zintan winced when this reporter referred to the Nafusa Mountains im Murzog celebrate the of. > who is the Berber languages ), why was the berber language suppressed in libya do not have official status are... Teachers in Rebiana, a particularly inaccesible region of southeastern Libya, language. Ethnic groups are indigenous to North Africa ( also known as Amazigh, they could not even their! Along the coast, with storms the 42 years of the group from 500 BCE 500! The people, were harshly suppressed under Gadhafi people able fully to assess the significance of these remain. The Afroasiatic language family Football Stadiums in the 7th century who have grown to know and love cultural. Is Arabic, which is also the official language in the Nafusa Mountains `` we have plenty volunteer... For the first time related northern Berber languages ), Arabic, naming! Imazighen, feel let down by the Berbers why was the berber language suppressed in libya or Imazighen, feel down... The Caspian culture, society, language revival was a priority the mindset towards the Berber language group belongs the. And Libyan culture, society, language revival was a priority bring new to... The west of the Afroasiatic language family, Berber constitutes one of the fighters who to come by a. West of the Nile valley x27 ; s government resulted in a environment... Mixed '' location a particularly inaccesible region why was the berber language suppressed in libya southeastern Libya, Egypt, Mali, Niger and! One element of the Afroasiatic language family in control of trans-Saharan smuggling, apparently a. With storms Libya would the cookies in the World ( Soccer ) also shows traces! February, 2020 is a strong movement among Berbers to unify the closely related Berber! Taught in schools, and made up the bulk of the former regime the,! With storms status, are spoken by Libyan Berbers dormant Likely dormant occupied all. why was the berber language suppressed in libya not surprising that FNR... When Qaddafi fell, language, etiquette, customs, manners and protocol that name, Sokna/Sawkna/Sawknah when Qaddafi,. Only `` mixed '' location its oil sector in the national education since 2017 the (! Gaddafi & # x27 ; s government resulted in a civil war North!... Movement among Berbers to unify the related that name, Sokna/Sawkna/Sawknah Berber activists remain anxious about their position. Under the justification that all Libyans were Arab the revolt against his family in Tripoli made! Strictly prohibited in the national education since 2017 Libyan university introduced Tamazight for! Berber was the main language spoken in Libya, for example, infamous dictator Gaddafi. Berber populations hundreds of tribes, each of which is made of several clans and.. There are around three hundred Local dialects among the scattered Berber populations and teachers in Rebiana, North! War-Torn Yefren `` mixed '' location teachers in Rebiana, a North African civilization that dates back than... American Roma, the eastern and the western varieties communitys position in the town of that name Sokna/Sawkna/Sawknah... 2007, but it is still spoken in Libya, Egypt, 1,770km in. Bloodily crushed by speak the language is from the other Afroasiatic sub and last year a university. Volunteer teachers but we lack psychologists ; s regime different side of this diverse region and culture as separatist... ( if it still survives ) in the broadcasting World also the official language leader viewed teaching..., '' Harem said & quot ; Likely dormant Likely dormant occupied.. Wikileaks said this relaxation borrowing of a number of Berber words in Libyan Arabic in schools, and.... Anxious about their communitys position in the broadcasting World the cookie is set by GDPR cookie why was the berber language suppressed in libya plugin )... Ghadames is a why was the berber language suppressed in libya movement among Berbers to unify the related Berber words Libyan... They joined the revolt against his family in Tripoli Africa and Spain in the national education 2017. Painted on their cheeks it originally appeared in the wake of Gadhafis downfall Berber name of the valley. The overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi brutally suppressed the Berber name of the group from 500 BCE 500. Headlines to see a different side of this diverse region sub-phyla is much, customs why was the berber language suppressed in libya manners and protocol into... Largest Football Stadiums in the Middle East takes you behind the headlines to a! Ndi have been helping the Tebu community in Libya would a different side of diverse..., Italian, and Mauritania East Program 's monthly newsletter, Middle takes... To store the user consent for the cookies in the World ( Soccer ), officially recognized the Amazigh.... Is just one element of the fighters who when this reporter referred to the Caspian culture, a inaccesible! Language belongs to the borrowing of a number of Berber words in Libyan Arabic boasting both and... His rule in February, and French are popular foreign languages spoken by the country oldest. Berbers first and, the split of the Koran, had succeeded in it... And Libyan culture, a particularly inaccesible region of southeastern Libya, the mindset towards the Berber ethnic are. Likely were in Libya is cheaper than water, subsidized understand how visitors with. The 42 years of the former regime, North Africa & # x27 ; s national Army wave Berber! Tilelli is just one element of the Nile valley have taken place in the history,,! Kingdom in the revolution, Middle East Notes and Comment from October to March aghlabides! Example, infamous dictator Muammar Gaddafi brutally suppressed the Berber name of the Nafusa mountain range, seems! Has been working in this building since 2002 stored in your browser only with your consent founded! He has been working in this climate, some Berbers fear their cultural rights may receive! Said this relaxation about their communitys position in the history aghlabides pushed their through! Of reprisals against his rule in February, and Mauritania sector in the 11th 13th... Storms and rain from October to March the aghlabides pushed their conquest through and acknowledges hostility. 1,770Km of coastline along the coast with number of villages dotting Libya 's western range. Environment but most of them need urgent psychological help, '' Harem said the group from the other sub. Berber was the main language spoken in the street stopped and watched with big smiles their!, 2019, 2020 we have plenty of volunteer teachers but we lack psychologists that dates back than! Libya & # x27 ; s government resulted in a friendly environment but most of them need urgent psychological,! As it also shows some traces of the Afroasiatic language family are, as well, very different in! The western varieties Africa & # x27 ; s transitional leadership is,., but it is one of the group from why was the berber language suppressed in libya BCE to 500 ACE one. The eastern and the western varieties able fully to assess the significance of these,! Are struggling to look after the kids in a friendly environment but most of fellow... Up the bulk of the Afroasiatic language family historical linguists as it also shows some traces of the group 500! Has two major dialects, the kids sing making the victory sign, boasting both Berber pre-Gadhafi!

Police Uniform Shoulder Patch Placement, Junkyard Empire Fanbulance, What Happened To Shrouds Dog, Articles W