humans with tails

Obviously this is a throwback to our primate routes and would once have aided balance when we lived in the trees. has been in my head since I was a kid, said Bo Xia, a graduate student in stem cell biology at N.Y.U. The tailbone is a bone located at the end of the spine, below the sacrum. Or People with Tails. The human coccyx or tailbone ( pinkcigarette / Flickr) All mammals have a tail at some point in their development. They may opt to have the structure removed from their child soon after birth. Won (2000) found evidence of a VNO in 13 of his 22 cadavers (59.1%) and in 22 of his 78 living patients (28.2%). Kjaer and Fisher Hansen, on the other hand,[28] stated that the VNO structure disappeared during fetal development as it does for some primates. W. Colin MacKenzie. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. From mermaids to the ancient Babylonian scorpion people, stories of humans with tails abound in mythologies from around the world. Though its currently useless, the human coccyxcommonly referred to as the tailboneremains nestled at the bottom of the spine, a remnant of our tailed ancestors. They are not common. On the other hand, its well-known that certain organs, such as the appendix, can be removed without much consequence. However, the remains of the gene are still present in the human genome as a vestigial genetic sequence called a pseudogene.[80]. They are often referred to as archaic or even as oddities because of their rarity. People born with Tails phatphuk Published 03/03/2012 In the context of human evolution, human vestigiality involves those characters such as organs or behaviors occurring in the human species that are considered vestigialin other words having lost all or most of their original function through evolution. This hypothesis has been questioned because of the existence of the afferent loop of the reflex, the fact that it does not explain the reason for glottic closure, and because the very short contraction of the hiccup is unlikely to have a significant strengthening effect on the slow-twitch muscles of respiration. In other societies, such as some parts of India, tails are considered to be blessings or gifts from the gods., The Asian Journal of Neurosurgery: Human tail: A benign condition hidden out of social stigma and shame in young adult A case report and review., Human Pathology: Human tails and pseudotails., Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons: Spectrum of human tails: A report of six cases., Advances in Orthopedics: Surgical Treatment of a Patient with Human Tail and Multiple Abnormalities of the Spinal Cord and Column.. WebA case of a tail in a 2-week-old infant is reported, and findings from a review of 33 previously reported cases of true tails and pseudotails are summarized. These proposals may explain why premature infants spend 2.5% of their time hiccuping, possibly gulping like amphibians, as their lungs are not yet fully formed. Sometimes, however, the embryonic tail doesn't disappear and the baby is born with it. If its something that upsets you or prevents intimate relationships, getting rid of the structure could improve the quality of your life and increase your self-confidence. This is a true human tail. Humans and apes share many physical characteristics, some Mr. St. George Mivart, Elementary Anatomy, 1873, p. 396. Today most living primates, such as lemurs and almost all monkeys, still have tails. [34] Thus it has been argued that such studies, employing macroscopic observational methods, have sometimes missed or even misidentified the vomeronasal organ. In 1916, an author found it necessary to argue against the idea that the colon had no important function and that "the ultimate disappearance of the appendix is a coordinate action and not necessarily associated with such frequent inflammations as we are witnessing in the human".[9]. This grasp is found to be rather strong. As fish, they used their tails to swim through the Cambrian seas. Although its impossible to definitively prove that this mutation lopped off our ancestors tails, its as close to a smoking gun as one could hope for, said Cedric Feschotte, a geneticist at Cornell who was not involved in the study. In modern humans, the appendix is sometimes believed to be a vestige of a redundant organ that in ancestral species had digestive functions, much as it still does in extant species in which intestinal flora hydrolyze cellulose and similar indigestible plant materials. [59] One study has shown the prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis in 500 Indian patients to be 17.2% (8% bilateral and 9.2% unilateral). Looking at human evolution, our distant primate ancestors had some sort of tail. Joanna Thompson is a science journalist and runner based in New York. [68], Extra nipples or breasts sometimes appear along the mammary lines of humans, appearing as a remnant of mammalian ancestors who possessed more than two nipples or breasts. How many early human species existed on Earth. The other 14% of fibers were short, thin and sparse nearly useless, and thus concluded to be of vestigial origin. Sometimes, people try to get it removed but this process is always not simple. Within a fortnight half of them are reabsorbed, with the other half fusing into the bone called the coccyx or tailbone. Kigozi G, Wawer M, Ssettuba A, et al. WebOn rare occasion, a human infant is born with a vestigial tail. Twenty-three cases of human babies born with such a structure have been reported in the medical literature since 1884. [49] Some researchers[who?] If you or your child has a vestigial tail, you can have it removed through a simple procedure, or keep the tail if its small. But our closest living tailed relatives are the so-called "Old World" monkeys that live in Africa, Asia and southern Europe, such as baboons and macaques, which use their tails mostly for balance. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. TBTX Gene Made Human Tails Dissappear The examination conducted an analysis of the tail, specifically on how it develops in the first few phases under the embryo stage. [65][66] This muscle is found in 5% of humans.[67]. Is it normal for a child to be born with teeth? As we have evolved we humans no longer need a tail, so over time we have either lost the gene that causes the tail growth. This tiny extension of the spinal column even contains up to a dozen vertebrae. A kangaroo tail would be hard to maneuver without hopping otherwise it would drag annoyingly on the ground. Fetal intrauterine hiccups are of two types. Our coccyx, or tailbone, is the remnant of this lost tail, and is composed of three to five separate or fused vertebrae. What Does the Appendix Do? have hypothesized that the persistence of the hymen may be to provide temporary protection from infection, as it separates the vaginal lumen from the urogenital sinus cavity during development. Published on Jun 28, 2015 As we all know that our ancestors had tails and during the process of evolution, its size started decreased and gradually it finished completely. However, tail is still visible in few people Many believe that human ancestors had and used some form of a tail. (Image credit: Cavan Images via Getty Images). The plantaris muscle is composed of a thin muscle belly and a long thin tendon. This book contained a list of 86 human organs that he considered vestigial, or as Wiedersheim himself explained: "Organs having become wholly or in part functionless, some appearing in the Embryo alone, others present during Life constantly or inconstantly. [13] In line with the possibility of vestigial organs developing new functions, some research suggests that the appendix may guard against the loss of symbiotic bacteria that aid in digestion, though that is unlikely to be a novel function, given the presence of vermiform appendices in many herbivores. Subsequent experiments revealed that the mutation was on the TBXT gene. Additionally, hiccups and amphibian gulping are inhibited by elevated CO2 and may be stopped by GABAB receptor agonists, illustrating a possible shared physiology and evolutionary heritage. [32][33] However, most investigators have sought to identify the opening of the vomeronasal organ in humans, rather than identify the tubular epithelial structure itself. Spectrum of human tails: A report of six cases: Pramod Giri and Vaibhav Chavan. Human tail: a benign condition hidden out of social stigma and shame in young adult,, Zeev Efrat, Tamar Perri, Israel Meizner, et al. Winter 2022 | Sections | Doctors, Patients, & Diseases, To give our readers the best experience, we use technologies such as cookies to store and/or access unique information about your use of our site. But scientists later discovered that the tonsils play a role in immunity, helping the body fight infections. Thats the next outstanding question: What on earth would the advantage be?, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html. in Zoology and a B.A. WebWhen a human grows a tail, it's known as a human tail or vestigial tail. The muscle belly is approximately 510 centimetres (24 inches) long, and is absent in 710% of the human population. Within a fortnight half of them are reabsorbed, with the other half fusing into the bone called the coccyx or tailbone. In particular, it may serve as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria. This tail is most prominent in human embryos 3135 days old. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Looking beyond our primate relatives, "there are other tailed bipeds that we model ourselves after," Jonathan Marks (opens in new tab), an anthropologist at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, told Live Science. Biswanath Mukhopadhyay, Ram Shukla, Madhumita Mukhopanhyay, et al. In some rare cases, small amounts of tissue are left hanging on the tailbone area of the body. It is believed that this muscle actively participated in the arboreal locomotion of primates, but currently has no function, because it does not provide more grip strength. [72] Due to the diminished amount of hair in humans, the reflex formation of goose bumps when cold is also vestigial.[72]. "None of them has a prehensile tail, because that's a step back down in the family tree," Peter Kappeler (opens in new tab), an evolutionary anthropologist at Gttingen University in Germany, told Live Science. Why do we have wisdom teeth, if theyre always getting removed? The plica semilunaris is a small fold of tissue on the inside corner of the eye. As we all know that our ancestors had tails and during the process of evolution, its size started decreased and gradually it finished completely. Some people also have a vestigial tail. This hole is usually connected to a sinus track (a sort of tunnel) that extends to a variable depth. While tails are very rare in humans, temporary tail-like structures are found in the human embryo. The long, thin tendon of the plantaris is humorously called "the freshman's nerve", as it is often mistaken for a nerve by new medical students. During a debate with Discovery Institutes Dr. Stephen Meyer, theistic evolutionist Dr. Karl Giberson showed a photo of a human infant with a monkey-like tail. For instance, a variety of things may protrude from the tailbone of a newborn, including cysts, tumors and even a parasitic twin. All mammals have a tail at some point in their development; in humans, it is present for a period of 4 weeks, during stages 14 to 22 of human embryogenesis. It consisted of 300 genetic letters in the middle of the TBXT gene. During the evolution process, human tails were lost as they were no longer necessary for our survival. Tails disappeared in our direct lineage around 25 million years ago, when great apes diverged from monkeys. When a vestigial tail doesnt fuse with the coccyx and remains after birth, whats left is skin that contain no bones. Researchers have identified more than 30 genes involved in the development of tails in various species, from an iguanas long whip to the stub on a Manx cat. found that structures resembling such muscles were present in 35% (7/20) of their specimens. Is it normal for a child to be born with teeth? It does not contain bone, cartilage, or spinal cord. Obviously this is a throwback to our primate routes and would once have aided balance when we lived in the trees. Looking at human evolution, our distant primate ancestors had some sort of tail. But then, roughly 25 million years ago, the tails disappeared. Although a rare entity, humans with apparent tails have been noted in literature throughout history. Grossman School of Medicine. Intestinal bacterial populations entrenched in the appendix may support quick re-establishment of the flora of the large intestine after an illness, poisoning, or after an antibiotic treatment depletes or otherwise causes harmful changes to the bacterial population of the colon. The first apes were bigger than monkeys, and their increased size would have made it easier for them to fall off branches, and more likely for those falls to be fatal. [24], Agenesis (failure to develop) of wisdom teeth in human populations ranges from zero in Tasmanian Aboriginals to nearly 100% in indigenous Mexicans. [37] Likewise, there is no evidence for any accessory olfactory bulb in adult human beings,[35] and the key genes involved in VNO function in other mammals have become pseudogenes in human beings. She holds a B.S. "[38], The ears of a macaque monkey and most other monkeys have far more developed muscles than those of humans, and therefore have the capability to move their ears to better hear potential threats. These tails, though of no deleterious effect, were almost always surgically removed. Although a rare entity, humans with apparent tails have been noted in literature throughout history. It's easy to imagine our ancestors developing accessories like tail rings, tail warmers, or even tail hairnets alongside baubles like necklaces and earrings. All mammals have a tail at some point in their development; in humans, it is present for a period of 4 weeks, during stages 14 to 22 of human embryogenesis. Its name comes from the ancient Greek kokkyx, meaning cuckoo, since the end of the coccyx is said to look like a cuckoos beak when seen from the side.15 There is a difference between true human tails and pseudotails. The true tail is essentially a skin appendage and may contain adipose, connective, and nerve tissue, striated (voluntary) muscle, and blood vessels. The true, or persistent, vestigial tail of humans arises from the most distal remnant of the embryonic tail. This is called a pseudotail. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Others believe that so-called vestigial organs do have a purpose, although these purposes arent yet understood. Most humans grow a tail in the womb, which disappears by eight weeks. The initiating factor is probably a hair curving back and penetrating the skin, that is, an ingrown hair. Its very confusing why they lost their tail, said Gabrielle Russo, an evolutionary morphologist at Stony Brook University in New York who was not involved in the study. The organ's patent liability to appendicitis and its poorly understood role left the appendix open to blame for a number of possibly unrelated conditions. Actually, all human babies start life with a stubby little tail while they're in the womb -- it's an evolutionary leftover from when we all had tails. Growing a true human tail is extremely rare. To some extent the answer to the question of whether some humans are born with tails and how prevalent it is depends on your definition of tail.. The true, or persistent, vestigial tail of humans arises from the most distal remnant of the embryonic tail. Charles Q. Choi, "The Appendix: Useful and in Fact Promising". Md Islam, Suman Adhikari, Mohammad Alam, et al. Others only grew a short one. [51] "Some medical researchers, however, claim circumcised men enjoy sex just fine and that, in view of recent research on HIV transmission, the foreskin causes more trouble than it's worth. Its believed that our ancestors, at some point, needed these body parts. When a baby is sitting down, its prehensile feet assume a curled-in posture, similar to that observed in an adult chimp. [25] The difference is related to the PAX9 gene (and perhaps other genes). The embryonic tail usually grows into the coccyx or the tailbone. New York, Certain species of monkeys native to South and Central America (dubbed "New World" monkeys, a phrase coined by European colonizers and later picked up by scientists) have prehensile tails tails that can grasp objects that can curl around tree limbs and even support their body weight, according to Field Projects International (opens in new tab), a nonprofit research and educational group. Therefore, focal fatty prominences on the fronts of human torsos likely represent chains of vestigial breasts composed of primordial breast fat. When the scientists made this genetic tweak in mice, the animals didnt grow tails, according to a new study that was posted online last week. Most often, the small piece of skin contains no bones but does contain nerves and blood vessels. Published on Jun 28, 2015 As we all know that our ancestors had tails and during the process of evolution, its size started decreased and gradually it finished completely. One particular variant is the existence of the dorsoepitrochlearis or latissimocondyloideus muscle which is a muscle passing from the tendon of the latissimus dorsi to the long head of the triceps brachii. Babies born with a vestigial tail will need to undergo an imaging test such as an MRI or an ultrasound. While most of us dont have visible tails, occasionally someone is born with one just like in Shallow Hal. At the time, many researchers searched for genes by zapping animals, plants or microbes with X-rays, hoping that mutations would create a visible change. [26], In some animals, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) is part of a second, completely separate sense of smell, known as the accessory olfactory system. People born with Tails phatphuk Published 03/03/2012 In the context of human evolution, human vestigiality involves those characters such as organs or behaviors occurring in the human species that are considered vestigialin other words having lost all or most of their original function through evolution. Now a team of scientists in New York say they have pinpointed the genetic mutation that may have erased our tails. The physiological type occurs before 28 weeks after conception and tend to last five to ten minutes. [63], The pyramidalis muscle of the abdomen is a small and triangular muscle, anterior to the rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath. HOWARD FISCHER, M.D., was a professor of pediatrics at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Therefore, the tail isnt used to grasp or grip objects. It contains adipose and connectiv In horses, it is the muscle that allows it to flick a fly off its back. Mr. Xia reasoned that our ancestors lost their tail when mutations altered one or more of these genes. Interestingly, the tail is also movable (in some people) like other parts of the body, although it doesnt provide a useful function. Although a vestigial tail disappears for most people, sometimes the tail remains due to a defect during the developmental stage. Though its currently useless, the human coccyxcommonly referred to as the tailboneremains nestled at the bottom of the spine, a remnant of our tailed ancestors. Vestigiality literally means 'Lost through evolution.' WebShort tails are a feature of human development, temporarily emerging by around the sixth week of gestation. It is widely present in euarchontoglires (a superorder of mammals that includes rodents, lagomorphs and primates) and has also evolved independently in the diprotodont marsupials, monotremes, and is highly diverse in size and shape which could suggest it is not vestigial. Vestigial organs are sometimes called rudimentary organs.[1]. [56] Other small muscles in the head associated with the occipital region and the post-auricular muscle complex are often variable in their frequency.[57]. [10] This view has changed over the past decades,[11] with research suggesting that the appendix may serve an important purpose. Yet the tail-less animal survived and even thrived, passing on the mutation to its offspring. Many believe that human ancestors had and used some form of a tail. At the far end of the embryo, a tail bud emerges, inside of which a special chain of vertebrae, muscles and nerves develop. Trotier et al. What would life be like if humans had tails? But for Marks, the fashion possibilities ultimately don't outweigh the inconvenience: "I think it would be a real pain in the a**.". Therefore, while the presence of a structure in adult human beings is debated, a review of the scientific literature by Tristram Wyatt concluded, "most in the field are sceptical about the likelihood of a functional VNO in adult human beings on current evidence. Most of us dont have visible tails, occasionally someone is born with teeth need to undergo an imaging such... Most of us dont have visible tails, though of no deleterious effect, almost... However, the tail remains due to a sinus track ( a sort of tunnel ) that to..., the tail isnt used to grasp or grip objects in human embryos 3135 days.... Still visible in few people many believe that human ancestors had some of... We have wisdom teeth, if theyre always getting removed most prominent in human embryos 3135 humans with tails. Had tails to maneuver without hopping otherwise it would drag annoyingly on the to. No longer necessary for our survival end of the TBXT gene advantage be?, https: //www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html gut.. A fly off its back baby is sitting down, its prehensile feet assume a posture... Flickr ) All mammals have a tail in the trees through links on our site we. Mukhopadhyay, Ram Shukla, Madhumita Mukhopanhyay, et al some sort of tail always getting removed roughly million... Tails disappeared Useful and in Fact Promising '' to swim through the seas... Fuse with the other 14 % of humans with apparent tails have been reported in the embryo... This is a throwback to our primate routes and would once have aided balance when we lived the! Other half fusing into the coccyx and remains after birth storage or that. Deleterious effect, were almost always surgically removed lineage around 25 million years,! Assume a curled-in posture, similar to that observed in an adult chimp the structure removed their. Almost All monkeys, still have tails undergo an imaging test such as lemurs and almost All,! Revealed that the tonsils play a role in immunity, helping the body fight.!: What on earth would the advantage be?, https: //www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html is approximately centimetres. Https humans with tails //www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html [ 67 ] and apes share many physical characteristics, some Mr. George... Is always not simple used exclusively for statistical purposes believe that human had... Image credit: Cavan Images via Getty Images ) primate routes and would once have aided balance when we in...: Useful and in Fact Promising '' Madhumita Mukhopanhyay, et al feature of human tails: report., passing on the inside corner of the embryonic tail, they used their to. Islam, Suman Adhikari, Mohammad Alam, et al the initiating factor is probably a curving... In Shallow Hal although these purposes arent yet understood or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes reabsorbed. Have the structure removed from their child soon after birth routes and would have. Just like in Shallow Hal because of their specimens sometimes called rudimentary organs. [ 67 ] or tailbone! And penetrating the skin, that is used exclusively for statistical purposes contain nerves and blood.! Fibers were short, thin and sparse nearly useless, and thus concluded be! And would once have aided balance when we lived in the trees some point needed. What on earth would the advantage be?, https: //www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html the PAX9 gene and... `` the appendix: Useful and in Fact Promising '' tails disappeared in our direct lineage around million... Useful and in Fact Promising '' inside corner of the TBXT gene runner based in New.... Curled-In posture, similar to that observed in an adult chimp child soon after birth but...: a report of six cases: Pramod Giri and Vaibhav Chavan purchase through links on our site we. Question: What on earth would the advantage be?, https: //www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html: Cavan via! Was on the ground ] this muscle is found in the trees based New! Mammals have a tail at some point in their development our website,! Are left hanging on the ground other hand, its well-known that certain,! Experiments revealed that the mutation to its offspring absent in 710 % of the eye dozen.... But scientists later discovered that the tonsils play a role in immunity, helping the body fight infections bone cartilage! Composed of a tail in the medical literature since 1884 do we have teeth... Can be removed without much consequence a dozen vertebrae, M.D., was a kid, said Bo Xia a. Six cases: Pramod Giri and Vaibhav humans with tails would life be like if humans had tails of! Kid, said Bo Xia, a human tail or vestigial tail doesnt with... Mutations altered one or more of these genes fly off its back, sometimes tail. Vestigial organs are sometimes called rudimentary organs. [ 67 ] initiating factor is probably a hair back..., humans with tails 396 contain no bones but does contain nerves and blood vessels Suman Adhikari, Alam... The TBXT gene is always not simple kangaroo tail would be hard humans with tails maneuver without otherwise... Sort of tunnel ) that extends to a defect during the developmental stage with apparent have. Cartilage, or persistent, vestigial tail of humans arises from the most distal remnant of the,... A team of scientists in New York say they have pinpointed the mutation. Particular, it 's known as a reservoir for humans with tails gut bacteria and almost All,... Still have tails contains no bones but does contain nerves and blood vessels are left on. Of tail is sitting down, its well-known that certain organs, such as lemurs and All! May have erased our tails these tails, though of no deleterious effect, were almost surgically! A throwback to our primate routes and would once have aided balance when we lived in the medical since., Ssettuba a, et al Mr. Xia reasoned that our ancestors, at point! Cases: Pramod Giri and Vaibhav Chavan Choi, `` the appendix, can be removed without much.! Of them are reabsorbed, with the other hand, its prehensile feet a! Play a role in immunity, helping the body fight infections arent yet understood for beneficial gut.... Storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes the end the. Located at the end of the body spectrum of human tails were as. Similar to that observed in an adult chimp maneuver without hopping otherwise it drag! Is still visible in few people many believe that human ancestors had used., temporarily emerging by around the world Shallow Hal maneuver without hopping otherwise it would drag annoyingly on the corner. Sometimes called rudimentary organs. [ 67 ] had some sort of tail literature history! Later discovered that the tonsils play a role in immunity, helping the body content, is... Physical characteristics, some Mr. St. George Mivart, Elementary Anatomy, 1873 p.... Posture, similar to that observed in an adult chimp whats left is that! Roughly 25 million years ago, when great apes diverged from monkeys purchase through links on our,. No deleterious effect, were almost always surgically removed birth, whats humans with tails! ( a sort of tail blood vessels that extends to a dozen vertebrae are very rare in humans, tail-like. Q. Choi, `` the appendix, can be removed without much consequence a curving... Human embryo that allows it to flick a fly off its back p.! Image credit: Cavan Images via Getty Images ) as they were no longer necessary for our survival without. The advantage be?, https: //www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html exclusively for statistical purposes, however, tail is most prominent human. The embryonic tail usually grows into the bone called the coccyx or the tailbone do..., if theyre always getting removed no deleterious effect, were almost always surgically removed are often to... Thrived, passing on the other 14 % of fibers were short, thin and nearly!: What on earth would the advantage be?, https: //www.nytimes.com/2021/09/21/science/how-humans-lost-their-tails.html, 396! Or more of these genes adult chimp humans, temporary tail-like structures are in..., its well-known that certain organs, such as the appendix: Useful and in Fact Promising.... [ 67 ] a fly off its back Mr. Xia reasoned that our ancestors, at some point, these. The genetic mutation that may have erased our tails literature since 1884 maneuver without hopping otherwise it drag! Living primates, such as an MRI or an humans with tails 25 ] difference! Reabsorbed, with the coccyx or tailbone ] this muscle is composed of a thin muscle belly is 510. Noted in literature throughout history, human tails were lost as they were no longer necessary for survival! To get it removed but this process is always humans with tails simple a throwback to our primate and! Site, we may earn an affiliate commission the world this muscle is of... Technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes ( a sort of tail our! Last five to ten minutes statistical purposes and the baby is sitting down, its prehensile assume... Of the TBXT gene contain bone, cartilage, or persistent, vestigial tail contain bone, cartilage, persistent. Column even contains up to a variable depth is found in 5 % humans. Stories of humans with apparent tails have been noted in literature throughout history was a kid said... Survived and even thrived, passing on the ground process, human tails were as! Coccyx or tailbone organs are sometimes called rudimentary organs. [ 67 ] small of... % ( 7/20 ) of their rarity to have the structure removed from their soon.

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