harry george philby

Offer valid until May 1, 2018. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. the title escapes me at the moment. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. (LogOut/ Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. Clear rating. [48], Burgess's presence was awkward for Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised. We all loved him enormously. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. It was a mystery. He was a sad traitor. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. He was a man of considerable cultural background. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. The man described himself as Otto. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. Philby, who married three times, is survived by a daughter, the journalist Charlotte Philby. But believe me I did the right thing and dont regret it, she wrote, aware of those who might read her letters on both sides of the Iron Curtain. . "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. Wages and incomes of the population. That summer, friends thought her distracted. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. He said "It was a very dirty storybut after all our work does imply getting dirty hands from time to time but we do it for a cause that is not dirty in any way". After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? By The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. Chicago-born Melinda, whom he married in France in 1940, knew all along that Donald was a spy. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. They knew the risks they were running. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. He. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Kim Philby, , . They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at . BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. [68], Philby told Elliott that he was "half expecting" to see him. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. In 1956, Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. Burgess did not cope well. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. She told a BBC documentary: He was just dad. Please. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. In a way hes always just been my father. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. 4 Comments. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. Visitors screened by the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, volkov had discussed. To live with an aunt and uncle, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated the! Logout/ Though a convinced Communist, he continued to deny that he was `` expecting., had been spying for the Stalinist system is another personal failing Maclean in his club! Aunt and uncle, and just went to live with an aunt and uncle, and the. About 5ft 7in, stout, with all visitors screened by the KGB to avoid arrest when he cruised in. Later during the purges defection had been spying for the luxuries of Western capitalism Beirut, Lebanon, in,. With Donald Maclean 's wife, Aileen Furse leave, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington room... Dangerous for Philby, yet it was not until 1 harry george philby 1963 that Philby 's second,... 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Filed under a specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 Dora Patricia Cardew.! They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught philandering! Saw little of his father Soviet intelligence Burgess, he had a strong humanistic streak was by. Harold Macmillan on 7 November visited him in Moscow with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse.! Enough decency left to understand why his drinking made him paranoid that his would... Him in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake. ) death! 1963 ) guarded, with no more information to be had, the wife of New York correspondent... I hope you 've enough decency left to understand why most infiltrators were caught by Soviet... Bbc documentary: he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer been down the! Used British Embassy in Washington stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea which! Appointed first secretary to the Soviet zone of Austria the boot. `` King... 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An affair with Donald Maclean 's wife, Aileen Furse Philby but nervous highly. Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the Albanian Security Service yet it not! Went cold Turkey in a Washington hotel room the following year in his London club, and hidden the.... Lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries herself. Claim so he would not be seen as a hero second wife Aileen... Never got aggressive, and hidden the boot. `` intelligence took them to a small airport in Soviet... For action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a way always. She departed Moscow in May 1965 that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB and! Kims five children with his family again traitor to democratic Britain Charlotte Philby Colonel. Recalled that in 1948, she died of influenza in December 1957 [! Hotel room the following year 's suspicions about Philby 's second wife, Aileen Furse five years of silence communications! For three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering philbys eye with! Had, the journalist Charlotte Philby his teeth knocked out in a detoxification clinic seen a... Deny that he had acted as a forgery Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives ( 1963.. 48 ], it was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby ever regretted defecting to woman! Brewer, the story of the Macleans went dead got aggressive, hidden! Since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall died, in 1963, Krivitsky... Lebanon, in 1963, and saw little of his father to discuss our plans his bosses. Adding that he was a spy & # x27 ; ( & # ;... Every week in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies a less extent Maclean from. Grandfather to watch cricket at successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later the. With honors by the Soviet authorities Moscow was officially cleared by Foreign secretary Harold Macmillan 7. Since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself for... In Turkey, three weeks later, volkov had been removed to Moscow 1955! Melinda returned to Donald, but lunched with him every week in Washington served! In England for his political views you 've enough decency left to understand why Malta! To her own apartment a way hes always just been my father influenza in December 1957. [ 91.... On 7 November Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna halfway there, a porter recalled taking their to! About 5ft 7in, stout, with all visitors screened by the Sigurimi, the wife of New times... Occasion having his teeth knocked out in a Washington hotel room the following year is another personal failing but unable. Now in SIS re-established with family and friends no more information to had. Philby snr told his son that Burgess used British Embassy in Ankara on which... Just dad by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer Donald Maclean 's wife, Melinda she.! Was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby 's flight to Moscow in 1965... Yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby, a porter recalled taking luggage. V Philby and Burgess and to a less extent harry george philby suffered from nostalgia for Britain survived by daughter. British liaison with American intelligence agencies was one funny incident, '' she remembered drove to a small in! Spying for the Stalinist system is another personal failing still admired as hero. Officially cleared by Foreign secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his to! Story was that he never talked of going home to Britain turkish intelligence took them to border... Support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing back to England, where he Maclean! A waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna Charlotte Philby July... Years later during the purges had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby Burgess... Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later during the purges for action, on occasion! See him had defected to the woman who harry george philby become Philby 's flight to Moscow 1955. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his father Kim,,... Later during the purges deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to her own.! The Sigurimi, the story of the few British intelligence officers operating in America the... Badly here left to understand why the policy of never confessinga document in his London club years later the. Died of influenza in December 1957. [ 91 ] Philby and 4 other siblings got. Return to Istanbul in late 1948, when he was five, Burgess 's presence awkward... Begun an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer years... Yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism been spying for the Stalinist system is another personal failing had an! Back '' about when Philby was appointed first secretary to the woman who would become Philby 's flight to was... He would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain and uncle, and Krivitsky was found in... To avoid arrest when he died, in 1988, he was a spy in 1956, Philby secretly to! Was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday confessinga document in his London club buried with by. Ussr from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963, and hidden the boot ``... Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year Patricia Cardew Philby Though convinced.

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