four elements to the doctrinal space superiority construct

The ability to monitor and collect digital communications in a megacity area of operations is key to achieving cyberspace superiority. 0000006740 00000 n The megacity environment, with its extreme population density, highly interconnected transportation infrastructure, and illicit criminal networks, tips the scales considerably against any security force attempting to isolate and control key terrain. These This blog explores the relevance of USAF Brigadier General Alex Grynkewich's four-part series on the future of air superiority: (1) The Imperative1; (2) The 2030 problem2; (3) Defeating A2/AD3; and (4) Autonomy, survivability, and getting to 20304; to Australian air and space power. bhmi or pthv (),; pas or jala (),; agn or tejas (),; vyu, vyna, or vta (air or wind); ka, vyom, or nya (space or zero) or (aether or void). Air Force doctrine states, "space superiority is of primary concern to airmen as it enables the continuous provision and advantages of space-enabled capabilities to joint warfighting operations", and references the JP 3-14 definition of space superiority as "the degree of control in space of one . Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app. A joint cyberspace component with the requisite commander and staff will ensure that cyberspace and electromagnetic activities are synchronized and deconflicted across the task forces area of operations, as well as providing a crucial link between the task force and U.S. Cyber Command. Joint Publication (JP) 3-06, Joint Urban Operations, underwent significant revision in 2009, with updates across all joint functions.4 These updates comprehensively address the challenges inherent in modern urban environments, citing lessons learned from recent conflicts such as Operation Iraqi Freedom. Current joint urban operations doctrine is insufficient to guide military operations in a megacity due to the unique challenges presented by their layered combination of size, density, and complexity. separation of powers, division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government among separate and independent bodies. "We must enhance interoperability through a joint combined and a partner approach to space warfighting operations. Should these operations have to respond to a direct attack, space doctrine must be at work guiding the development and employment of space forces to ensure their success in battle. 0000004965 00000 n On considering the common problems related to dealing with urban warfare in megacities, it is important to note that a significant number of the worlds megacities are located in crowded coastal areas, which creates additional operational challenges for a maritime force that it must overcome with cyber capabilities. Estimates of Somali casualties range from three to five hundred dead and seven hundred wounded.1. Available: Enterprise Capability Collaboration Team, Air Superiority 2030 Flight Plan, US Air Force, Washington DC, 2016. Applying destructive or disabling force to disrupt an adversary is immensely difficult in a megacity not only due to collateral concerns but also because of the unique complexity of the megacity ecosystem in which adversary networks operate. In coming years, our Nations ability to gain and maintain superiority in all operating domains External factors that affect an organization may be political, economic, social or technological. In Hinduism there is Earth, Water, Air, Fire and Void. A radical shift in thinking on air superiority that is focussed on data integration and exploiting the cyber and space domains is analogous to the reframing of concepts for delivery of nuclear weapons. 4. Additionally, a joint force with cyberspace superiority operating in a megacity can shape the physical battlefield through nonlethal effects such as transmitting misleading messages to enemy leaders and fighters, locating concentrations of enemy troops, transmitting messages to the broader population, shutting down communications networks in an objective area, disrupting financial transactions and resupply operations among enemy networks, geolocating or shutting down enemy devices, shutting off electricity to an objective area, and directing host-nation security forces (either overtly or covertly), to name just a few. Achieving air superiority is job one! 0000003683 00000 n 0000008576 00000 n *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Within that task is educating joint warfighters on adversary threats to space capabilities. This is perhaps counter-intuitive to the RAAFs traditional view of air superiority as the being something achieved from the air domain and by air platforms, such as fighter aircraft. The doctrine may be traced to ancient and medieval . Future editions of JP 3-06 should contain a portion dedicated to the unique characteristics of megacities, the challenges they present in the physical domains, and options to defeat these challenges via the cyberspace domain. Crowded city blocks connected by narrow, congested streets may make it nearly impossible for ground units simply to maneuver to an area that must be physically isolated. Navy Petty Officer 3rd Class Christopher Burton removes safety pins from a satellite dish console aboard the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz in the Arabian Sea, Dec. 15, 2020. According to current doctrine, conducting a systemic assessment of the urban environment is the first fundamental of urban operations. 0000006508 00000 n endobj These companies account for a large portion of global internet traffic, and programs such as Prism provide valuable access points to the cyber terrain of megacities around the world.19 Similarly, the NSA has access to cellular networks around the world, many of which are owned by U.S.-based companies, through previous agreements.20 These agreements with both wired and wireless internet providers cover the vast majority of digital communications in any megacity. This chapter covers the basics of operational doctrine specifically as it applies to NBC and smoke operations. Monroe Doctrine, (December 2, 1823), cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy enunciated by Pres. 0000006870 00000 n endobj The massive size and complexity of such megacities that are emerging globally present a range of new challenges to military planners, especially those charged with establishing control through air superiority in the event of an urban conflict. Unfortunately, there is virtually no approved space doctrine. The remaining cyber terrain that is inaccessible through standing agreements will need to be accessed clandestinely and covertly through the myriad of hacking tools at the NSA and the U.S. Cyber Command. (space support). With a significant portion of a megacitys population accessing the internet daily from a geolocatable mobile device, a joint task force with cyberspace superiority can collect and analyze a glut of data points to gain insights about the megacity environment and the system of systems operating within it. Similarly, in todays urban environment, a vast majority of individuals and institutions are connected via digital communications networks, providing a trove of data that allows a better understanding of the environment. Task Force Ranger included units from the 3rd Ranger Battalion, 1st Special Forces Operational DetachmentDelta, the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, and other special operations elements from the Air Force and the Navy. However, the expansion of a joint task forces digital footprint and increased reliance on analytical software also increases its vulnerability to cyberattack from adversaries. Support improvements to urban institutions and infrastructure. Current joint doctrine and operational concepts acknowledge and account for the importance of the cyberspace domain. and exploit space, even when 0000004872 00000 n While applying joint urban operations doctrine to the megacity fight is extremely challenging, joint task force commanders can mitigate these challenges by prioritizing the attainment of cyberspace and electromagnetic spectrum superiority to have freedom of action across the physical domains. Yet developing both a system that can be interoperable with the USAF and a self-reliant system of the RAAF for maintaining air superiority seem unlikely to happen. Balance was always part of the central message of Avatar: The Last Airbender, but sometimes the series could falter in walking the walk where it talked the talk. four elements to the doctrinal space superiority construct. Michelle Tan, Army Chief: Soldiers Must Be Ready to Fight in Megacities, DefenseNews (website), 5 October 2016, accessed 3 November 2017. What is concerning are the blurred lines developing between these instruments, where often State actions do not meet perceived intent creating confusion in the rules-based global order. 0000008263 00000 n need the weapons systems to bring it to fruition, so Col James . However, a large crowd of armed militia and civilians, including women and children, rapidly converged on the scene, congesting the roads and blocking the extraction of the injured soldier and the two militiamen by ground convoy. JP 3-06 provides an accurate description of the challenges faced in urban environments and lays out nine fundamental principles for conducting urban operations: These principles are objectively sound and reflect years of experience in Iraq and other urban conflicts. not only on the Air Forces ability to dominate in the air, but also on its ability : To achieve this, our Air Force doctrine provides Airmen with the historically proven best practices learned through experience. In the surveillance of space and space situation awareness mission area, analysis identifies disconnects in the areas of terminology, degree necessary for space control, influence, and space environment. Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier. Future editions of joint operations publications must encourage cyberspace superiority as an operational prerequisite for megacity operations, rather than promoting air superiority as a universal precondition for operations in all environments. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! From 3 to 4 October 1993, a joint U.S. special operations task force fought a prolonged battle through the densely populated streets of Mogadishu, Somalia, after its mission to capture key members of a Somali militia group led by Mohamed Farrah Aidid was met with unexpectedly stiff resistance and a portion of the task force was pinned down in the center of the city. [{"displayPrice":"$49.00","priceAmount":49.00,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"49","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"00","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"l%2BZrEkhAWCl1sCMt%2Bpm2%2F6ecwc0dQ5v%2Fh8cm%2FG4%2FrV2Gs%2FBAM3hJNJluiPaBC8roQwCauvcJnG4AiczjTY5lszkcKgjDwzw1Acdmq7h%2FA6%2FB4I6WBq9YlN6BGHlN0FO%2FoJp8V3QGf%2FyBSoZpQ%2BayVg%3D%3D","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"NEW"},{"displayPrice":"$49.00","priceAmount":49.00,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"49","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"00","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":null,"locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"PICKUP"}]. This publication answers why spacepower is vital for our Nation, how military spacepower is employed, who military space forces are, and what military space forces value. For each of the major space control mission areas: surveillance of space and space situation awareness, protection and defensive counterspace, and prevention, negation, and offensive counterspace, critical examination of current space superiority doctrine uncovers disconnects between joint and service doctrine, as well as potential growth areas doctrine. 3 0 obj Two of the most difficult principles to apply in this environment are selectively isolating key portions of the urban environment and applying highly discriminate force to disrupt an adversary. The lessons learned from Task Force Ranger portended even greater challenges in the future for U.S. forces facing the prospect of combat in urban settings and megacities. Doctrine states that an understanding of the urban environment is the basis for planning and executing operations in it.23 Assessing and understanding a megacity comprehensively and effectively using established methods and tools is an extremely daunting task. To reverse this continuing . Violent conflict on all scales will nearly always take place in the spaces where people live and work. Sorry, there was a problem loading this page. This article outlines the shortfalls in current joint doctrine when applied to the megacity environment and demonstrate how cyberspace superiority can enable the joint force to overcome these disadvantages. As of 2014, there were twenty-eight megacities in the world, and that number is projected to reach forty-one by the year 2030.1 Furthermore, a global explosion in internet and cellular access has resulted in cities and populations that are densely networked. However, achieving air superiority is not limited to RAAFs doctrinal CoA missions of DCA and OCA. "This integration will help us promote responsible behaviors in space, advocate for greater space capabilities, and collaborate to solve mutual challenges with all elements of national power.". 0000007084 00000 n Vice President, Center for Defense Information. Such a separation, it has been argued, limits the possibility of arbitrary excesses by government, since the sanction of all three branches is required for the making, executing, and administering of laws. 0000005548 00000 n In 2019, Allies adopted NATO's Space Policy and recognised space as a new operational domain, alongside air, land, maritime and cyberspace. , Center for Defense Information weapons systems to bring it to fruition, so Col.! Where people live and work space capabilities threats to space capabilities ancient and.! * FREE * shipping on qualifying offers specifically as it applies to NBC and operations. 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