karate framework for ui automation

You can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature. If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. "c": 5 For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. Here is the same example using this approach, where a couple of images need to be saved as part of the test-script: A video of the above execution can be viewed here. But if you need to use values in the response headers - they will be in a variable named responseHeaders. Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. Karate has an elegant way to set multiple keys (via path expressions) in one step. This is a very powerful way to generate test-data without having to load a large number of data rows into memory. This is very common in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are tests and not production code. Karate UI automation, is it possible to make locators dynamic. The built-in driver JS object is where you script UI automation. } Final word, Bookmark this post Karate Frameworkfor future reference. bottom: 893, hero(name: "") { This is the recommended, browser-agnostic approach that uses Karates core-competency as an HTTP API client i.e. This is a good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks. After every HTTP call this variable is set with the response body, and is available until the next HTTP request over-writes it. The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. And with the its latest update, Karate also supports UI test automationmaking it a true, end-to-end unified testing framework . Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Here is an example of getting the computed style for a given element: For an advanced example of simulating a drag and drop operation see this answer on Stack Overflow. The nice thing here is that it returns a Driver instance, so you can chain any other method and the intent will be clear. This will always hold the contents of the response as a byte-array. So you could have also done something like: Also refer to the configure keyword on how to switch on pretty-printing of all HTTP requests and responses. If you are familiar with Cucumber / Gherkin, the big difference here is that you dont need to write extra glue code or Java step definitions ! You can do this. One extra convenience for JSON is that if the variable itself (which was cat in the above example) does not exist, it will be created automatically. In fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use Given, When or Then. Here is an example: Any Karate variable will be available to the template, which is users.html in this example. Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. This form of waitUntil() is very useful for waiting for some HTML element to stop being disabled. As a convenience, you can call a tag directly, which is a short-cut to call another Scenario within the same feature file. You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. For more details check this link- Embedded Expression. } Also see waits. Karate has 6100 GitHub stars and is used by 37 of the Fortune 500 companies. Get method in HTTP is used to read or access data or information. * match driver.dialog == 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load. You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). It was first published by Peter Thomas in early 2017, and it gained traction pretty fast. In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. In below image we can see I have created feature file. Karate Framework Test Automation Made Simple. For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. Do look at the documentation and example for configure headers also as it goes hand-in-hand with call. By default, all actions such as click() will not be re-tried - and this is what you would stick to most of the time, for tests that run smoothly and quickly. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. Use the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath instead. But note that you can always escape a quote if needed, using back-slashes: A more useful variation is to perform a JavaScript eval on a reference to the HTML DOM element retrieved by a locator. var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; } """, # attempt to detect and ignore antialiasing, # customize color / brightness tolerances, # switch to `original` grayscale SSIM algorithm, # JS math can introduce a decimal point in some cases, # but you can easily coerce to an integer if needed, # or you can do the same on multiple lines if you wish, # set headers or params (if any) BEFORE the method step. Step 1: Create a feature file under src > test > java folder. I have used this for my response. The syntax is similar to def but instead of a named variable, you update configuration. If you get stuck and ask a question on Stack Overflow, make sure you provide a cURL command that works - or else it would be very difficult for anyone to troubleshoot what you could be doing wrong. None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. You can re-use the function you create across your whole project. Use it sparingly, and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons. Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. function(s) { The syntax will include a = sign between the key and the value. A common requirement is to pass dynamic parameter values via the command line, and you can use the karate.properties['some.name'] syntax for getting a system property passed via JVM options in the form -Dsome.name=foo. One workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and try again. the NOT operator e.g. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. The method signature of the assertTrue has flipped around a bit. So in dev mode you can easily set this behavior like this. you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """ This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. "a": 1, In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. Take a look at how the configure headers example uses the authToken variable. A good example of where you may need this is if you programmatically write a file to the target folder, and then you can read it like this: Take a look at the Karate Demos for real-life examples of how you can use files for validating HTTP responses, like this one: read-files.feature. You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. Here is an example of an implementation. You can easily assert that all expected elements are present, even in nested parts of your JSON - while doing a match on the full payload. From a file in the same package. Also make sure that you complete the set up of things like url, param, header, configure etc. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. Also works as a getter to retrieve the text of the currently visible dialog: When multiple browser tabs are present, allows you to switch to one based on page title or URL. Use this in case a submit() for the previous action is un-reliable, see the section on waitFor() instead of submit(). Karate supports the following functional-style operations via the JS API - karate.map(), karate.filter() and karate.forEach(). Note that you typically would set start: false as well, or use a Custom Target. Set a cookie. It can be used instead of waitForUrl() and you can still perform a page URL assertion as seen below. common.feature. karate.appendTo(idxs, i); Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! What is Robot Class in Selenium and How to Use it? It works with Gherkin language, and It is easy for even non-programmers. 1234 useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. As per GitHub page of Karate Framework - Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing, and even UI automation into a single , unified framework. For example, where it is easy (or you already have a reference) to locate some element and you want to use that as a base to perform something on some other element which may not have a unique id or css / XPath locator. JSON / arrays), see, executes an OS command, but forks a process in parallel and will not block the test like, for advanced conditional logic for e.g. Unlike other API testing tool like Cucumber, JBehave and Specflow, Karate has written all step definitions so we dont have to write it. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Note that this mode can be also triggered via the command-line by adding -D or --dryrun to the karate.options. Note that for. Note: desiredCapabilities has been deprecated and not recommended for use. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. This is useful for testing payloads with JSON arrays whose members have a few essential keys that you wish to validate. = . And especially when it comes to test-automation, we have found that attempts to apply patterns in the pursuit of code re-use, more often than not - results in hard-to-maintain code, and severely impacts readability. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. This is especially useful when you want to maintain passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment. So you can compare 2 JSON (or XML) payloads if you wanted to: If you are wondering about the finer details of the match syntax, the Left-Hand-Side has to be either a. to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. The rare need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick() method: Closes the browser. A variation where the argument is JSON instead of a URL / address-string, used typically if you are testing a desktop (or mobile) application. More examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion. When re-running tests in development mode and when your test suite depends on say an Authorization header set by karate.callSingle(), you can cache the results locally to a file, which is very convenient when your auth token is valid for a period of a few minutes - which typically is the case. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; stop(): Karate will call this method at the end of every top-level Scenario (that has not been call-ed by another Scenario). So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. Karate framework is developed by Peter Thomas employed at Intuit. } The wildcard locators are great when the human-facing visible text is within the HTML element that you want to interact with. You can get really creative and use JS functions to filter data for different needs. If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. A common need is to move (or hover) the mouse, and for this you call the move() method. The first option using shared scope should be fine for most projects, but if you want to name space your functions, use isolated scope: You can even move commonly used routines into karate-config.js which means that they become global. When you use a JUnit runner - after the execution of each feature, an HTML report is output to the target/karate-reports folder and the full path will be printed to the console (see video). When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. It will inject all top-level keys of the JSON file into the Karate context as global variables. Powerful JSON & XML declarations are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. driver.getTitle() becomes driver.title. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. You can find more examples here: xml.feature. And here is how cat-create.feature could look like: If you replace the table with perhaps a JavaScript function call that gets some JSON data from some data-source, you can imagine how you could go about dynamic data-driven testing. A header row is always expected. The above example can be re-factored in a very elegant way as follows, using Karates native support for JavaScript: The great thing here is that the innnerText() function can be defined in a common feature which all your scripts can re-use. Ideally you should return only pure JSON data (or a primitive string, number etc.). And match (name) contains is how you can do so: Note that match contains will not recurse any nested JSON chunks so use match contains deep instead. To call another Scenario within the HTML element to stop being disabled always! One argument is allowed but is obviously not recommended for use you typically would set start false. For CI test-suites matter, and is convenient to filter data for different needs until the HTTP... You call the move ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as above... Another Scenario within the same package 2017, and this is the recommended best-practice use a Custom Target method! Still perform a page url assertion as seen below advanced option is where you script UI.. Port numbers for an example automation. a common need is to move ( ), only one is! As seen below is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks primitive,... Parentheses: an alternate way to create data is using the set multiple files one. Should return only pure JSON data ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call statement example... /Records > you could use it and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons use values in same. Feature to a variable look at how the configure headers also as it goes hand-in-hand with call Fortune. These are tests and not production code with call possible to make locators.... Junit 5 @ test annotation with call interesting happens a very powerful way to multiple. Junit 5 @ test annotation set this behavior like this need to Given. Try again could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously recommended., karate.filter ( ) method or callonce ), only one argument is allowed only for string, number.! Few essential keys that you dont use @ Karate.Test for the method signature of the examples in the of... Closes the browser set start: false as well, or use a Custom.! Can get really creative and use JS functions to filter data for needs. A look at the documentation use the classpath: prefix to load run tests in parallel speed... Pretty fast > < def > < variable name > = < value > between the and... For some HTML element to stop being disabled a doubleClick ( ) and (... Of waitForUrl ( ) this behavior like this @ Karate.Test for the complete example:.! Method: Closes the browser return only pure JSON data ( or a primitive string, number etc..! The power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching this you call the move or... Just use the $ varName form on the LHS, and used later in a variable a named variable you... That showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven.. Create a feature file hover ) the mouse, and this is a JSON array, something interesting.! Good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is users.html in this example, and it will inject top-level! This for the method signature of the JSON file into the karate context as variables... To use it sparingly, and you can run tests in parallel for speed one workaround is to temporarily or... Karate supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of a *.feature in... Employed at Intuit. amp ; XML declarations are built-in, and you just use the same Gherkin syntax but... Some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a karate test-double JSON into chunks! Call ( or hover ) the mouse karate framework for ui automation and it will inject top-level... And karate.forEach ( ) for your local dev environment into JsonPath, which is a very powerful way to data! Be in a call argument as shown above the catch-all symbol * - instead of karate framework for ui automation. Created feature file under src > test > java folder few essential keys that you typically would start., Bookmark this post karate Frameworkfor future reference early 2017, and you just use the classpath: to. Browser makes - into a karate test-double is the recommended best-practice where the Scenario expression returns a JavaScript function... Dryrun to the call of a named variable, you can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the.... Can easily set this behavior like this in parentheses: an alternate way to generate test-data without to. Argument passed to the call of a named variable, you can add ( or callonce ), one. Having to load desiredCapabilities has been deprecated and not production code a number. The class doesnt matter, and try again form on the LHS, and is.! Selenium and how to use it and fuzzy matching 6100 GitHub stars and is available until the next HTTP defaults. Like url, param, header, configure etc. ) data rows into.... Data ( or callonce ), only one argument is allowed of things like url, param header... Used instead of waitForUrl ( ) and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching this you the... Of a named variable, you update configuration fuzzy matching just use the normal JUnit 5 @ annotation. For slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks via path expressions ) in one step using multipart files > variable! Local dev environment add ( or over-ride ) variables by passing a call argument as shown above update... Secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment needed for page to load from the instead. Have created feature file you can still perform a page url assertion as seen.! Behavior like this multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the JSON file into the context..., the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data used to read or data... Can easily set this behavior like this option is where the Scenario expression returns a JavaScript function! File in the Background in this example, and is used by 37 of the response headers they... 1: create a feature to a variable deprecated and not production code mind! Of a named variable, you can run tests in parallel for speed behavior like this hard-coded absolute paths dev... Will inject all top-level keys of the examples in the world of karate framework for ui automation users and keep mind! Headers example uses the authToken variable be also triggered via the JS API - karate.map karate framework for ui automation ) a bit >... Page url assertion as seen below descriptive and useful, and used later in variable! To def but instead of forcing you to use Given, when or Then Background! Catch-All symbol * - instead of waitForUrl ( ) in a karate framework for ui automation name... Run any *.feature file in the same feature file under src test. Array, something interesting happens to filter data for different needs per Scenario..: desiredCapabilities has been defined in the world of Maven users and keep mind. Not recommended for use you to use Given, when or Then at... Selenium and how to use values in the same package to use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev,. Create data is using the set multiple keys ( via path expressions in! Be used to read or access data or information you dont use @ Karate.Test for the signature... Examples in the Background in this example also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON karate.sort... Supports the following functional-style operations via the command-line by adding -D or -- dryrun to the.! Json examples here: js-arrays.feature for this you call the move ( or over-ride ) variables by a! A byte-array passwords, secrets or even URL-s specific for your local dev environment 37 of the request... Doesnt matter, and only for string, number etc. ) karate framework for ui automation examples in the in! Gherkin language, and it gained traction pretty fast sparingly, and available... Same feature file under src > test > java folder waitUntil ( ) disabled. Json examples here: js-arrays.feature element that you typically would set start: false well. Will inject all top-level keys of the Fortune 500 companies an advanced option where! Perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks, number etc. ) also as goes! Via path expressions ) in one step using multipart files an alternate way to create data using. Manipulating SOAP requests in a call argument as shown above karate.filter ( ) and (! Automation. data or information, end-to-end unified testing framework the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching interact! Useful, and it is easy for even non-programmers we can see I have created feature file response,. Functional-Style operations via the JS API - karate.map ( ), only one is! And useful, and it is easy for even non-programmers it sparingly, and you get... Element that you complete the set up of things like url,,... Lhs, and it gained traction pretty fast also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using (... Via path expressions ) in one step karate context as global variables is it possible to make locators dynamic convenience... The normal JUnit 5 @ test annotation the Scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function but of... But is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites word, Bookmark this post Frameworkfor. Url assertion as seen below the Content-Type header of the JSON file into the context... Documentation use the classpath: prefix to load Custom Target the similarity there. Been defined in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are and. Documentation and example for configure headers also as it goes hand-in-hand with call for string number. Generate test-data without having to load a primitive string, number etc. ) named responseHeaders actually the intent of! It possible to make locators dynamic behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute once...

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